1、浅谈动词不定式的句法功能与用法浅谈动词不定式的句法功能与用法我们明白，英语中非谓语动词指的是动词不定式，动词的-ing方式和动词的-ed方式。动词不定式the infinitive一般由“to+动词原形构成。它在句中起名词、描绘词或副词的作用，同时也保存着动词的一些特征，可以有本人的宾语或状语。动词不定式在句中通常可作 主语、表语、宾语、定语和补助语，有时还可有本人的逻辑主语，即for sb. to do.1. 动词不定式作主语。不定式短语可以直截了当在句首作 主语，表示比拟详细的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联络起来；谓语动词用单数。如:Not to smoke will do you a
2、lot of good. 不吸烟对你有特别大好处。有时为保持句子平衡，常用it 作方式主语，不定式作真正的主语放在后面，留意：假设有不定式作表语，作主语的不定式不能用it作方式主语, 如:To see is to believe。眼见为实。另外，为强调不定式所表示动作的执行者，可以在不定式的前面加for sb.构成不定式的复合构造；在表示人物性格，特性等的描绘词后面用介词of.如：It is difficult for Marty Fielding to know what the future holds.对马蒂.菲尔丁来说特别难明白今后是什么样的。 To look after my pet
3、s properly takes a lot of time. 正确地照看我的宠物花费许多时间。( 选修7 Unit 1).2. 动词不定式作表语。1.放在be 动词后起解释说明的作用。如例句：Now his ambition is to become an actor. 现在他的雄心是当一名演员。(选修7 Unit 1). Its purpose is to involve in physical exercise and athletic competition.其运动主题公园的目的是让游客参与身体锻炼和体育竞赛。 (必修4Unit5)(2). 位于 seem ， appear， prov
4、e.， remain等系动词后构成系表构造，说明主语的情况或内容。如：I seem to have forgotten so many things now that Christmas is here.由于圣诞节到了，我大概已不记得如此多的事情。留意：当主语局部有动词do时，作表语的不定式可省略to.如: All she could do was go back home.她所能做确实实是回家。3. 动词不定式作宾语。1放在某些动词后。如 hope ，promise, learn ,agree, manage, start等，这类动词需要记住。 课本例句： He hopes to becom
5、e a teacher. 他希望成为一名教师。选修7 Unit 1).2假设作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语时常用这种句型：主语+v.+ it+ adj./ n .+ to do sth. It是方式宾语，to do为真正的宾语。此类动词有，think, find, make, believe, consider, feel 等。课本例句：Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things 这残疾使得对他们来说做些事情困难吗？ ( 选修7 Unit 1).3动词不定式和疑征询词连用构成动词不定式短语作动词know,
6、show, tell，,understand等的宾语。如课本例句：Unfortunately , the doctor does not know how to make me better.不幸运的是，医生不明白如何样使我变好点。 7 Unit 1( 选修).留意:当but, except, besides等后面带不定式时，假设其前面有动词do，其后常省to， 即“前有do，后省to。例如：He can do nothing but put off his wedding. = He has no choice but to put off his wedding,除了延迟婚期他别无选择。4
7、. 动词不定式作定语。不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词后，且不定式常和它修饰的词之间有动宾关系，主谓关系或同位关系。在主谓关系中，不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only, first, last, next, 序数词，描绘词最高级等修饰。假设不定式是不及物动词，后面必须加上必要的介词。动词不定式作定语从时间来说，表示今后意义。如：I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到办公室的人。(主谓关系) 北师book1Unit3.Here is some paper for you to write on.这有些纸供你书写。 (动
8、宾关系) (选修7 Unit 1).Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping ,an astronomer.(同位关系)上个月，我有幸得到一个时机同我的朋友李彦平一起去太空旅行，他是一个宇航员。Give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do (同位关系)给他们鼓舞，让他们和你一样过一个富有而充实的生活。(选修7 Unit 1).5. 动词不定式作状语。动词不
9、定式作状语修饰动词。不定式可作目的状语，结果状语，缘故状语，和方式状语等。如：She is proud to have taken part in competition.她参加了竞赛感到特别骄傲。 (缘故状语) (选修7 Unit 1).He used dictation to give his answers into a special 把他的输进一台特别的机器。(目的状语) (选修7 Unit 1).Sometimes , I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时候我身体太虚荣了而不能上学因此我的功课变差了。
10、(结果状语) (选修7 Unit 1).Mike raised his hands as if to take off his hat迈克举起手好似要取掉帽子。 (方式状语)留意：在强调目的状语时，不定式前可加上in order 或so as，即我们所说的“ in order to/so as to 词组。有时候为了突出目的，还可将这个词组置于句首 ，但so as to一般不用于句首。例如：In order to persuade people to do something, advertisements often appeal to our hopes and dreams or our
11、 emotions.为了奉劝人们去做某事，广告常常激起人们的希望，梦想和情感。选修9Unit5.在so as hellip;to , enough to do sth., only to do sth, toohellip;.to 等构造中，不定式表示结果。例如：Will you be so kind as to open the window 劳驾你翻开窗户好吗？到达机场却觉察飞机已经起飞了。在toohellip;to构造中，当 too后面是 glad, pleased, willing, ready, eager等描绘词时，不定式表示确信。She was too happy to meet
12、 her friend in the street.在街上遇到朋友，她太欢乐了。He is too eager to see you at once.他渴望立即见到你。6. 动词不定式作补语。常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask ,beg, cause, command, direct, enable , encourage, except, forbid, force, instruct, invite, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request,
13、teach, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, 等。例如：I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.我对天文学特别感兴趣，他叫我对全班作口头陈述。有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to.下面的口诀可以协助大家记住这些动词：“四看see, watch, notice, observe 三使役(let, make, have) 二听(hear, listen to) 一感受(feel).例如：Instead they
14、 made me wait while they checked everyones air ticket.他们在检查所有人的机票同时让我等着。选修7Unit5感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to.例如：Tom doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard.不必强迫汤姆学习，他不断特别用功。另外，help后的动词不定式作宾补时可以带to，也可以不带。动词不定式可作宾语补足语和主语补足语。如课本例句：In many ways my disability has helped me grow stron
15、ger psychologically.在许多方面，我的残疾协助在在心理上变得更加坚强。 (选修7 Unit 1)He is known to have spent eighteen years fighting slaves.人们明白他花费了18年与奴隶作斗争。The doctor had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.医生让她助手为会议筹集些热狗。7.动词不定式作独立成分.独立成分独立于之外，表示说话者的语气，态度等。常用于独立成分的动词不定式有 to tell the truth说实话， to be honest老实说, to be frank with you 坦诚地说, to begin with首先, to put it briefly简言之等 。例如：To tell the truth, we dont want to go with you.说实话，我们不想跟你去。To be frank with you, you are wrong.坦白说，你错了。练习题：一，单项选择。1. Can you give me a chair _Sorry, Jack has tak
