1、基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统摘 要:火灾自发报警系统在如今的智能建筑中有着非常非常重要的人命保护效果。目前传感器技术、无线通信技术、集成电路以及微电子技术向前发展越来越快,火灾自发报警系统拥抱着很好的发展机会、千载难逢的机会。本论文目的是弱化火灾自发报警系统的错误通报率和遗漏通报率,强化系统的智能化技能。第一地方介绍了火灾的优点、火灾探测原理和建筑火灾模型的架起方法。就有线网络有缺陷地方,安置了无线通信节点,组成了无线通信网络,起初就火警系统的需要,设计了火灾报警可控装置和火灾自动检测节点,这个节点是由两层架构做的。设计了一种架起在嵌入式系统的火灾报警控制系统之上,做成了火灾智能判断算法和查验
2、节点的全方位的管控治理。以单片机为内核芯片,设计了复合检测节点电路,采取收集烟气量、温度和CO量数值信息,分析了智能建筑中的火灾特征数值信息值,和用了模糊神经网络对火灾着手初控制,检出查验乱序、非线的物理实体架构,着手初了处置,取得了非常好的结果。可全方位用行业人才经验的模糊控制、推理技能和神经网络学习技能、自适应技能等好的方面。就专家早就获得的知识和火灾实验查测出的数值信息,为训练以及测试样本集,完美网络模块,网络模型化有非常好的泛化技能。启动了附加动量项和自适应学习速率,极大提高了网络的收敛速度;第三,借助了以NRF905的通用无线通信节点为根本,通过无线网络,和利用现代建筑火灾报警系统,
3、完成了火灾报警系统里面的无线信息互换。可控装置和检测节点的传送,完成了火灾报警系统的集成,改好了有线通信网络的不足,本论文弄好了火灾报警系统的全方位设计和一些关键技术的研发。最好的结果阐述了,模糊神经网络会强化火灾探测精度,弱化火警系统的错误通报率,强化了系统的智能化档次,填好了国内智能火灾探测算法里面的空白。无线网络的利用强化了系统的设计和集成的灵活技能,无线网络所以有广阔无垠的发展地方,有了极好的研发内涵。最后说了一下智能建筑火灾报警系统的前景方向,给出了几个需要进一步研发和探讨的东西。关键词:火灾自发报警系统,嵌入式系统,模糊神经网络,无线通信网络Design of Remote Dis
4、aster Alarm SystemAbstract:The automatic fire alarm system (FAS) is vital to the modern intelligent buildings (IB) for fire safety. As technology of the sensor, the wireless communication, the integration circuit and the micro-electronics gradually progresses, the FAS meets an excel lent opportunity
5、. The purpose of this study was to reduce the distortion alarm rate and failure alarm rate, and improve the system intelligence level of FAS. The characteristics of the fire process, the fire modeling design approach and the principle of fire detection are presented. The fuzzy neural network (FNN) a
6、lgorithm is introduced to complexity fire detection. Furthermore, the wireless communication node is designed, and a wireless communications network (WCN) is set up to fill up the deficiency of wire network. According to the requirement of FAS, a two-level architecture system composed of a FAS 一氧化碳n
7、troller and detection node is designed. The FAS controller is designed based on embedded system for achieving the fire detection algorithm and managing the detection nodes designed based on MCU for collecting and transforming the smoke concentration signal, temperature signal and co concentration si
8、gnal. Analysis of the fire signal characteristic of IB is described. The FNN intelligent algorithm is applied to fire detection which is a complex non-linear structure system. The expertise, reasoning ability of fuzzy system and learning, self-adaptability ability of neural networks are utilized to
9、deal with fire detection. The FNN training and testing are accomplished based on the sample set supplied by expert knowledge and fire tests. The result indicates the FNN model has a satisfactory generalization ability Furthermore, the accessional momentum and the adaptive learning rate method which
10、can accelerate the convergence rate of the FNN are presented. The universal communication node is designed based on nRF905, and the WCN is set up and applied to FAS of IB to realize the communication between the FAS controller and the detection nodes, system integration of the FAS, and fill up the d
11、efect of wire communication networks. The FAS design and some key technologies have been completed. Research proves that FNN can improve the accuracy of fire detection, reduce distortion alarm rate and failure alarm rate, improve the intelligent level of FAS, and fill up the deficiency of domestic f
12、ire detection. The flexibility of FAS design and integration is further enhanced by utilizing the WCN, which is of great value to further research and has enormous room for growth. In conclusion, the prospect of FAS in IB and the further study and issue are proposed, respectively.Key words: Automati
13、c fire alarm systems, Embedded system, Fuzzy neural network, Wireless communications network目录第一章:绪论4第2章火警系统的总体方案设计52.1系统的设计原则52.2系统总体方案设计52.2.1系统硬件总体构架52.2.2系统软件总体构架62.3系统的设计的大部分器件选型62.3.1嵌入式处置器选型62.3.2单片机选型72.3.3传感器选型72.3.4无线收发芯片选型82.4嵌入式操作系统的选择82.5本章小结8第3章火警系统的硬件设计83.1火灾报警可控装置设计83.1.1火灾报警可控装置硬件架构
14、93.1.2存储器电路93.1.3时钟与复位电路93.1.4电源电路93.1.5液晶显示电路103.1.6键盘电路103.2火灾复合探测节点设计103.2.1探测节点的硬件架构103.2.2探测节点关键电路103.2.3前端信息调理电路103.3无线通信网络113.3.1无线通信节点设计113.3.2电路的抗干扰措施113.4报警及联动模块113.5本章小结12第4章总结12致谢13参考文献13第一章:绪论我国智能建筑越来越厉害、消防系统也越来越好,火警设备的利用和研发路程也越来越好。我国颁布的设计标准着手初使智能建筑说成为用建筑物为基台,拥有信息设施、信息化利用、建筑设备、公共安全等很多其他
15、系统,把系统、架构、管理、服务和优化系统合成一个整体,有了安全系数高的建筑大环境。新标准是一个里程碑,他变化很多,把我国建筑智能化进程推向一个新高度,促进了新的发展。最近这些年来,很多高科技成绩现在利用在智能建筑物当中,多种多样的智能化设备在用,相关的火警系统是智能建筑自动化系统里面的很非常重要的地方。我们习惯说到:“预防重于火”,但预防是没有完全的避免火灾的被看见,要是火灾被看见了,我们能及时知道并能很好的有应对措施着手初处置,那我们的财产损失和人生安全伤害就会因之而降到最小了。伴随的经济的快速发展,火警设备的生产和利用有很大的发展。今天,各大城市的很多根本设施都有火警系统的利用,且绝大多数
16、都发挥了其效能,遗憾的是现在的火警系统大都大都是智能化级别不优秀,火灾探测精确程度有好有坏等诸多问题,特别值得说的是对于一些消防安全问题大、管理又差的商场,里面的火警设备更需改好和变得完美。火警系统大部分是给予给那些根本设施和利用地方,又被叫做工业与民用建筑,里面为民用住宅,商业建筑以及工业厂房等建筑,对里面的商用建筑为对象,着手初火警系统的设计与研发。就现在而言,国内越来越多的商场和批发市场,鉴于里面的人员架构十分繁杂,货物商品又堆放非常密集,火灾风险非常大,易燃因素特别的繁杂等诸多干扰,特别容易引发火灾,乃至爆炸。伴随着我国经济的发展的越来越快,我国就现在为止已经脱离了物资匿乏、生产落后的年代,现今的物资水平是充足富裕的并呈上升趋势、越来越多,与