1、英译施行条文中的错误 看以下例示的施行“条文英译之典型错误亦前本之鉴也。就此专题,笔者在其他著述中涉及过不止一次。但看来,积重一时 事实上此一时“有数年至十数年之久难返。本文又一次提出,不仅温故知新“而已,且系着眼于新的视角并以新的1997-1998材料为依照的错误事实及其分析,希望这类典型错误在今后十年内能在我们的法律英译中斩草除根,永远绝灭。本文根底材料均取自上海市利用外资工作手册上海远东出版社1998年增订本以下简称手册和上海中英对照新法规月刊增刊以下直截了当用阿拉伯数字指年份以罗马字指其期数,希各留意:1 Art22 The present Measures shall come in
2、to effect from !March 1,19972 Art43 The present Regulations shall come into force from ! July l,19963 Art.23 The detailed Rules come into force as from ! the date of its !promulgation4 Art.35 This law shall go into effect as of ! January 1,1995.5 Art.80 These Rules shall come into force,as from ! Oc
3、tober 1, 1995.6 Art. This Law shall come into force as off ! September 1,1995手册,P.1074.7 Art.21 The present provisions shall be implemented on a trial basis ! September 1,19978 Art.14 The present provisions shall become effective on the day of promulgation9 Art. 28 The Present provisions shall becom
4、e effective on the day of promulgation.对以上所例示的典型错误作如下分析:甲除上列例3之外,其余各例之谓语动词都由shall“与原形主动词构成。但按英语言语实践的客观规律,这种shall“的是违背规律的即错误的。这种滥用shall“的错误在我们的法律翻译实践中是特别普遍的,从而给我们的而不是英语国家的法律英译者一个错觉:误以为于兹场合使用shall“的这种错误不是错误而是正确了。但我们法律汉译英的错误决不因其频率之高而不算错误了。请看民法通那么第156条的以下正确译文: Article 156 The Law goes into effect on Jan
5、uary 1,1987.From Collection of Laws and Regulations of the People Article 156 The Law goes into effect on January 1,1987General principles of Civil Law of the People s Republic of China,translated by Whitmore Gray and Henry Ruiheng Zheng, from Lam and Contemporary problems,Vol.52 Spring Summer 1989,
6、Numbers 2 33 Article 156 This law becomes effective on the first day of January 1,1987.China Law Reporter, American Bar Association和错误译文:4 Article l56 This law Shall Come into force on January 1,1987.The Laws of the People s Republic of Chin495 Article l56 This law Shall Come into force on 1 January
7、, 1987.General Principles of Civil Law of the People s Republic of China, CCH Australia由于不用shall“的正确译法和滥用shall“的错误译法都相当普遍,法律英译者中就流传出如此一种折衷说来了不用shall“对,用shall“也对。这种说法特别有害。由于:6法律条文的英语中一般不用今后时;7在法律条文的英语中,shall“不是一个temporal verb而只是个modal verb“;8一项法律定于何时施行,是该法律本身的规那么rule of law而不是当事人必须如此这般的行为规那么rule of c
8、onduct其动词所以是平铺直叙的直陈式不用shall;9即便假设仅仅是假设万一所以是不现实的确实事实上是假的假设嘛这个shall“不用所以对、用了也不错;那末,这个shall“也不该用:法律文字应力求简练,故可用可不用以不用为是;10:因而不管如何雄辩也无法证明用shall“是对的;而不用shall“是对的,已经证明如上。乙上列各例中除例7中的be implemented外,主要动词“become或“go都作用刹那的时间点而无法作用于时间段,因而但凡用“from、“as from.或“as of等介词短语的实例全都错了于此相反 ,例7be implemented“那么是作用于时间段的得以施行
9、的状态却被译成只作用于时间点on September 1,1997.“-所以是一个错误应更正为as of“或as from Sept.1,1997“.丙 .英语适应与汉语不同,汉语一般只须说请举手!“而不必说请举你们的手“,而英语那么一般得说Raise your hands“而不是说Raise hands, please!“特别情况下说hands up!“而不是温、良、恭、谦、让“的your hands up, please!“自当别论。由此可见,上列例子8-9的on the date of promulgation“的promulgation“就同刚刚提到的hands“一样,必须有相应的物主
10、代词才是而如今如此不用物主代词,所以是错的。上例 3的promulgation“前尽管用了物主代词its“,但这个物主代词却是不中用的-由于这个its“不是上下文相应点的人称代词!为此,例子3必须作如下更正才是: The detailed Rules come into force on the date of their promulgation. The detailed Rules comes into force on the date of its promulgation.为了有始有终,强调不用“是正确的译,并使读者对此留下最后的印象,请看:These provisions go into effect on November 1, 1988.-上海本文摘自陈忠诚著:法苑翻谭,中国法制出版社, 2023 年