1、足球运动是一项快速剧烈、有身体接触的同场竞技工程，队员在场上身体各部位的不合理动作会导致犯规现象的产生。犯规作为足球比赛的一个重要元素，可以从很大程度上反映足球比赛的特点。欧洲一直是世界足球开展的中心，有众多足球强国，也拥有世界上最高水平的职业联赛。本文从2023年欧洲足球锦标赛决赛阶段的51场比赛入手，通过查阅文献、观看录像、数理统计、分析现象、总结原因等方法比照赛中的犯规现象进行全面的统计和分析，期望可以为我国足球裁判员、运发动和教练员提供一些有益的参考。本文得出以下结论：1.本届欧洲杯决赛由于赛制更改的原因，导致小组赛场均犯规次数多于淘汰赛。犯规次数较多的时段为上半场1-45分钟时段和下
2、半场76-90分钟时段，犯规次数较少的阶段为0-15分钟时段、下半场46-60分钟时段。犯规发生最多的区域为中场中路及中场边路区域。小组赛及淘汰赛阶段出现频次最高的犯规类型均为踢或企图踢，其次为推搡犯规。2.本届欧洲杯决赛阶段淘汰赛场均黄牌数量多于小组赛黄牌数量。且出示黄牌最多的时段为76-90分钟以及31-45分钟，在比赛刚开始的阶段出示黄牌数量较少，说明上下半场的最后一个时段竞争都最为剧烈。出示黄牌最多的区域为中场及中前场。3.本届欧洲杯小组赛阶段越位场均次数明显多于淘汰赛阶段。在比赛31-45分钟及76-90分钟出现越位次数较多。越位现象大多发生在中前场及中场两个区域。针对以上结论提出以
3、下建议：1.根据本届欧洲杯决赛阶段比赛的犯规特征，建议裁判员对于犯规的判罚要从更多的角度考虑问题。在比赛实践中，向国外高水平级别裁判员学习与借鉴，加强自身业务能力学习，提高阅读比赛能力，使比赛更具流畅性，欣赏性。建议教练员在根据对手不同的人员安排上，做有针对性的技战术安排。的特征，建议裁判员对场上出现的可被纪律处分的犯规，在出示红黄牌时一定要根据规那么中的条例进行处分，做到有理有据，并及时观察比赛中重点队员出现的情绪的变化，提前预防和制止队员因情绪的宣泄所做出的不冷静的行为。3.根据本届欧洲杯决赛阶段比赛越位的特征，建议运发动在比赛中观察好自己位置的同时，观察好对方后防线的位置，找准前插时机，
4、防止落入防守方设下的越位陷阱中。ABSTRACTFootball is a fast-paced, the same competition project with physical contact, foul phenomenon will be generated by atheletes irrational actions of various parts of the body in the field. Foul play, as an important element of a football competition, can largely reflect the cha
5、racteristics of a football competition. Europe has always been the center of world football development, with many football powers and the highest professional leagues in the world. This article starts from 51 competitions in the final stage of the 2023 European Football Championship, makes comprehe
6、nsive statistics and analysis on the fouls in the competition by consulting the literature, watching video, using mathematical statistics, analyzing the phenomenon and summarizing the reasons, and other methods, and provides some useful reference for Athletes, coaches, referees hopefully. This artic
7、le draws the following conclusion: 1.The current European Cup finals result in more than the group stage fouls more than the knockout due to changes in the competition system. Foul times for the first half 1-45 minutes and second half 76-90 minutes, fouls fewer stages of 0-15 minutes, 46-60 minutes
8、second half of the session. The areas where fouls occur the most are the middle of the midfield and the midfield sidewalks. Kick or attempt to kick are the most frequent types of fouls in the group and knockout stages, followed by push fouls. 2.The average number of yellow cards in the knockout stag
9、es of this European Cup finals is more than the number in the teams finals. The highest number of yellow cards is produced in 76-90 minutes and in 31-45 minutes. There is a small number of yellow cards at the beginning of the game, indicating the most intense competition in the last session of the f
10、irst half and the second half. The midfield and the middle of frontcourt are the areas where yellow cards are showed most.3.The average number of offside times in the current stage of the European Cup is more than the knockout stage. In the game 31-45 minutes and 76-90 minutes more offside occurs. O
11、ffside occurrs mostly in the midfield and the middle of frontcourt two areas.Based on the above conclusions, this article makes the following suggestions:1.According to the foul features of the finals match of this European Cup, it is suggested that the referees should consider the issue from more p
12、erspectives on the foul penalty. In the practice of the competition, referees should learn from foreign high-level referees, enhance their ability to read competitions and make the competition more fluid and enjoyable. Coaches are suggested in accordance with the different personnel arrangements for
13、 the opponent, to do targeted technical and tactical arrangements.2. According to the characteristics of the disciplinary penalties in the competition of the final stage of the European Cup, it is suggested that the referees should punish according to the regulations in the rules when producing the
14、red and yellow cards for any foul that appears on the court, and keep timely observation of key players appear in the game changes in emotions, in advance to prevent and stop the players vent their emotions made by the calmless behavior.3.According to the current European Cup final phase of the game
15、 offside characteristics, it is recommended that athletes should observe their position in the game, and observe each others defensive line position at the same time, identify the timing before the insertion, to avoid falling into the offensive offside trap set by the defending team.目录1 前言1.1 选题依据1.2 研究目的与意义2 文献综述3研究对象与研究方法研究对象研究方法 3.2.1 文献资料法 3.2.2 录像观察法 3.2.3 数理统计法 3.2.4 逻辑分析法 统计指标的概念4 结果与分析 4.1 犯规次数的研究4.1.2 小组赛与淘汰赛犯规次数比照研究4.2 犯规时段特征的研究4.3.1 本届欧洲杯犯规区域特征的研究4.3.2 小组赛与淘汰赛的犯规区域比照研究4.4 犯规性质特征的研究4.4.1 本届欧洲杯犯规性质特征的研究4.4.2 小组赛与淘汰赛的犯规性质特征的研究4.5 纪律处分犯规的情况的研究4.5.1 红黄牌数量的研究4.5.2 被出示红黄牌时间阶段
