1、经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者腰椎功能与疼痛的影响吴彬唐小松【】 目的:探究骨質疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术治疗方案对腰椎功能和疼痛的影响。方法:将2023年7月-2023年7月于笔者所在医院接受治疗的81例骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者随机分为两组,观察组41例,对照组40例。观察组给予经皮椎体成形术治疗方案,对照组给予保守治疗方案。将两组治疗前后功能障碍指数ODI、视觉模拟评分VAS、椎体前缘高度及Cobb角进行记录和比照。结果:治疗后,观察组ODI评分为15.513.24分,显著低于对照组P0.05;观察组VAS评分为2.110.21分,低于对照组P0.05;治疗后,观
2、察组椎体前缘高度为25.192.35mm,高于对照组P0.05;治疗后,观察组Cobb角为9.123.06,小于对照组P0.05。结论:骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,能够改善腰椎功能,减轻疼痛,缩短椎体前缘高度恢复进程。【关键词】 经皮椎体成形术 骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折 腰椎功能 疼痛doi:10.14033/jki.cfmr.2023.21.052 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805202321-0-03Effect of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty on Lumbar Function and Pain in Patients wi
3、th Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture/WU Bin, TANG Xiaosong. /Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2023, 1821: -129Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty on lumbar function and pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Method:
4、A total of 81 cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who were treated in our hospital from July 2023 to July 2023 were randomly divided into two groups, 41 cases in the observation group, and 40 cases in the control group. And the observation group was given percutaneous vertebroplasty
5、, and the control group was given conservative treatment plan. The Oswestry dysfunction index ODI, visual analog scale VAS, anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle before and after treatment were recorded and compared between the two groups. Result: After treatment, the ODI score of the observation
6、 group was 15.513.24 points, which was significantly lower than that of the control group P0.05. The VAS score of the observation group was 2.110.21 points, which was lower than that of the control group P0.05. After treatment, the anterior vertebral height of the observation group was 25.192.35 mm,
7、 which was higher than that of the control group P0.05. After treatment, the Cobb angle of the observation group was 9.123.06, which was less than that of the control group P0.05,具有可比性。患者及家属均签署知情同意书。1.2 方法对照组采用保守治疗方案,帮助患者采取正确俯卧位,给予阿仑膦酸钠片生产厂家:万特制药,国药准字H20220848镇痛,70 mg/次,每7 d口服1次;鲑降钙素注射液生产厂家:深圳翰宇药业股份
8、,国药准字H20040303,50100 IU/次,1次/d,肌肉注射。根据患者实际情况补充钙和维生素D。假设患者疼痛缓解,采取背伸肌力锻炼。两周后,给予脊椎后伸支具。观察组采用经皮椎体成形术治疗方案,帮助患者采取俯卧位,常规消毒后行局部麻醉。采用X线机对骨折部位进行定位,从椎体压缩严重处进针,当针抵达椎体前1/5或1/3时,通过针内芯注入骨水泥,调节针刺方位,对骨折处完美填充。当骨水泥凝固后,使用无菌敷料对创口进行覆盖。1.3 观察指标及评价标准随访6个月,将两组治疗前后功能障碍指数ODI、视觉模拟评分VAS、椎体前缘高度及Cobb角进行记录和比照。采用ODI对患者腰椎功能进行评分,总分值为
9、50分,分数越高,腰椎功能越差;采用VAS对患者疼痛程度进行评分,0分表示无痛感,10分表示疼痛剧烈;通过X线机对椎体前缘高度及Cobb角进行测量,做一条垂直于伤椎椎体上中板线和下中板线的垂线,两条垂线夹脚为Cobb角。1.4 统计学处理运用统计学软件SPSS 20.0对试验数据进行分析,计量资料以xs表示,采用t检验,计数资料以率%表示,采用字2检验,P0.05;治疗后观察组ODI、VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义P0.05;治疗后观察组椎体前缘高度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义P0.05;治疗后观察组Cobb角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义P0.05;治疗后观察组ODI、VAS评
10、分均低于对照组,椎体前缘高度显著高于对照组,Cobb角小于对照组P0.05。说明给予骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗方案,能够有效改善腰椎功能,显著缓解疼痛程度,缩短康复进程。保守治疗分为卧床休息、药物治疗及支具固定。药物治疗:在给予患者适宜、适量的镇痛药物外,采用骨吸收抑制剂和骨形成促进剂对骨质疏松进行治疗6。阿仑膦酸钠是一种骨吸收抑制剂,可降低破骨细胞活性。鲑降钙素不仅具有降低破骨细胞活性的作用,同时能够防止骨盐溶解,降低骨内钙离子的流失,提升骨密度,缓解患者疼痛。但保守治疗所需时间较长,且长时间用药易引发并发症和不良反响7-8。经皮椎体成形术PVP是一种微创手术,具有创伤小、
11、恢复快的特点,能够对骨折部位进行快速稳定处理,加快椎体力学恢复,降低疼痛感,且有利于缩短患者康复进程9-10。PVP主要通过以下4点改善患者疼痛病症:1在伤椎内固化后的骨水泥有利于提升椎体稳定性,阻碍骨小梁形变,降低对骨基质痛觉神经末梢的刺激11-12。2骨水泥聚合时会发散热量,能够破坏炎症介质,有利于椎体微环境的恢复。3恢复椎体前缘高度,降低对脊髓神经的压迫,缓解疼痛。4提升椎体强度,有助于降低疼痛刺激。综上所述,骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术治疗方案,能够显著改善腰椎功能,缓解疼痛,缩短椎体前缘高度恢复进程,有助于患者康复,具有临床推广和应用价值。参考文献1何承强.经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折患者腰椎功能与疼痛的影响J.医疗装备,2023,3221:9-10.2余宏福,高珊.经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果比拟J.中外医学研究,2023,1734:128-129.3崔广勇,徐玉春.经皮锥体成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊椎压缩骨折效果观察J.临床医药文献,2023,658:19-20.4郭阿雷.经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩