1、 杨霞霞 1、History-taking(病史采集)：2、The examination of visual function(视功能检查)：3、Examination of the globe and its accessory organs(眼球及眼附属器检查)：History-taking(病史采集)：Subjective abnormal feelings(主观异常感觉)：Foreign body sensation(异物感)Visual field defect(视野缩小)Sudden visual impairment(视力降低)The amount of secretion(分
2、泌物量增多)Photophobia(畏光)Swelling（肿胀）Metamorphopsia(视物变形症)Flicker sensation（闪光感）The examination of visual function(视功能检查)Optic psycophysics(视觉心理物理学检查)Optic-electro-physiology(视觉电生理检查)Visual acuity(视力，即视锐度)Dark adaption（暗适应）Colour sensation(色觉)Visual field(视野)Contrast sensitivity(对比敏感度)Visual electro-phy
3、siology(视觉电生理)一、Visual acuity(视力，即视锐度)The vision indicates visual acuity divided into far,near vision,the latter normally means reading one.1、the examination of far vision:Naked/corrected vision:裸眼、矫正视力 Pinhole glass:孔镜 Spherical aberration:球面像差 Finger count:指数 Hand movement:手动 Light perception:光感 L
4、ight-seeking:光定位 2、the examination of near vision:Standard reading chart:Jaegers test chart:Myopia:近视 Presbyopia:老视 3、the theory of visual acuity:The resolving power:分辨力 Visual angle:视角 The examination of far vision needs abundant light or artificial illumination,the examined is at a distance of 5m
5、from the chart,let the line 1.0 be at the same height of examined eye.二、Dark adaption（暗适应）：Threshold of light irritation:光刺激阈 Dark adaptation curve:暗适应曲线 Cone:视锥细胞 Rod:视杆细胞 Contrast method:对比法 Dark adaptometer:暗适应计 Retinal pigmented degeneration:视网膜色素变性 三、Colour sensation(色觉)：四、Visual field(视野)五、Con
6、trast sensitivity(对比敏感度)六、Visual electro-physiology(视觉电生理)Electrooculogram,EOG:眼电图 Electroretinogram,ERG:视网膜电图 Visual evoked potential,VEP:视觉诱发电图 Electrooculogram,EOG:眼电图 Retinal pigmented epithelium:视网膜色素上皮 Photoreceptor cells:光感受器细胞 The retinal static potential:视网膜静息电位 Electroretinogram,ERG:视网膜电图
7、The retinal active potential:视网膜动作电位 Including a,b,c waves and oscillating potentials:震荡电位 a:photoreceptor cells 光感受器细胞 b:bipolar cells 双极细胞 c:pigmented epithelium 色素上皮细胞 Examination of accessory organs of the eye:眼附属器检查 Examination of anterior segment of the eye:眼球前段检查 Examination with slit-lamp mi
8、croscope:裂隙灯显微镜检查 Gonioscope:前房角镜检查 Tonometry:眼压测量 Examination of the fundus:眼底检查 一、Examination of accessory organs of the eye:眼附属器检查 1、eyelids:眼睑 ecchymoma:,ekimum淤血 emphysema:,emfsim气肿 scar/induration:瘢痕或残留物 entropion or ectropion at palpebral margin：睑内翻/睑外翻 eyelash:睫毛 trichiasis:,trkess;trkass 倒睫
9、 aberrant lash:乱睫 2、lacrimal apparatus:泪道 lacrimal puncta:泪点 eversion:外翻 occlusion:阻塞 lacrimal sac:泪囊 tenderness:压痛 fistula:瘘管 Schirmers test:is performed with 5x35mm filter paper,one end is bent at the site of 5mm and inserted into the conjunctival sac at the inner part of 1/3 of the lower eyelid,t
10、he rest of the filter paper is hanged on the skin surface of the lower eyelid with both eyes closed gently;after 5 minutes to measure the length of filter paper got wet by tears,normally is more than 15mm on average,less than 5mm is regarded as abnormal.lacrimal gland:泪腺 tear secretion:泪液分泌 stenosis
11、 or obstruction:堵塞 Fluorescein sodium test:荧光素钠试验 Washing of lacrimal passage:泪道冲洗 3、conjunctiva:结膜 palpebral conjunctiva:睑结膜 bulbar conjunctiva：球结膜 fornical conjunctiva:穹窿结膜 transparent：透明 congestion：充血 papillary hypertrophy:pplr haptrf 乳头肥大 folliculosis:f,likjulusis 滤泡增殖 symblepharon:睑球粘连 pigmenta
12、tion:色素沉着 proliferative tissue:新生物 conjunctival or ciliary hyperemia:结膜充血或睫状充血 4、position of globe:眼球的位置 palpebral fissure:睑裂 nystagmus:nst gms 眼球震颤 strabismus:strbzms斜视 Hertel exophthalmometer to measure the protrusion:Hertel 突眼计测量眼球突出度 二、Examination of anterior segment of the eye:眼球前段检查 1、cornea:角
13、膜 keratic precipitate(KP):角膜后沉着物 corneal perception:角膜感觉/viral keratitis 病毒性角膜炎/the damage of trigeminal nerve三叉神经受损 opacity：混浊、不透明 staining with fluorescein sodium:荧光素钠染色/corneal epithelium:角膜上皮 The corneal curvature:角膜弯曲度的检查 Placidos corneal disk:Keratometer:角膜曲率计 Corneal topography:角膜地形图 Normal:正
14、常/a regular and clear concentric ring:规则而清晰的同心圆 Oval:椭圆形/regular atigmatism:规则散光 Distorted shape:扭曲者/irregular atigmatism:不规则散光 Pear shape:梨形/keratoconus 圆锥角膜 Placidos 板 2、sclera:巩膜 nodule:结节/hyperemia:充血 jaundice:黄染 3、Anteria chamber:前房 aqueous humor:房水 hypopyon:前房积脓 4、Iris:虹膜 dipigmentation:脱色素 at
15、rophy:萎缩 nodule:结节 iridodialysis:虹膜根部离断 coloboma:缺损 5、Pupil：瞳孔 retardative:迟钝 relative afferent pupillary defect,RAPD:相对性传入性瞳孔障碍 6、Lens:晶状体 to dilate pupil:散瞳 三、Examination with slit-lamp microscope:裂隙灯显微镜检查 Projective system of light source:光源投射系统 Optical magnifying system:光学放大系统 Diffuse illuminati
16、on(弥散光线照明法)It may be used to examine the tissue of anterior segment such as conjunctiva,cornea,sclera and others.检查前节组织：如，结膜，角膜，巩膜等。Direct illumination(直接照明法)Specular reflection(后部反光照明法):Indirect illumination(间接照明法）血粘度增高患者球结膜血管的“淤泥化现象”，可见颗粒状血柱 圆锥角膜并混浊 色素KP 羊脂状KP 浅前房 Tyndall 现象 虹膜植入性囊肿 虹膜新生血管 晶状体脱位 核性晶状体混浊 绕核性晶状体混浊 正常玻璃体支架组织 四、Gonioscope:前房角镜检查 Angle-closure glaucoma:闭角型青光眼 Angle-open glaucoma：开角型青光眼 Direct/refractive(直接房角镜/光线的折射)Indirect/reflective(间接房角镜/光线的反射)The anterior chamber angle(前房角)Ante
