1、修辞格篇一:修辞格现代汉语首页教 案 续 页 渐渐地,月亮成了小船一般。 那排冬青越长越高,变成一堵绿色的墙。暗喻的其它方式:1否认的比喻: 但素园却并非天才,也非豪杰,所以更不是高楼的尖顶,或名园的美花,然而他是楼下的一块石材,园中的一撮泥土。(鲁迅忆韦素园2程度不等的比喻差喻: 但是在中国,那是确无写处的,禁锢得比罐头还严。鲁迅为了忘却的记念差喻往往带有夸大的色彩,在修辞上常认为是比喻与夸大兼用。3不出现比喻词: 弯弯的月儿 小小的船。AB同位式 我们这一代人一定要用本人的双手搬掉落后和贫穷这两座大山。AB同位式 希望的肥皂泡已经破灭。本体和喻体演化成 定中关系 千声万声呼唤你,母亲延安就
2、在这里。本体和喻体倒置 3、借喻 : “乙代甲不出现本体和喻词 我就明白,我们之间已经隔了一层可悲的厚障壁了.明喻:我们之间的隔膜 像一层可悲的厚障壁 小猫跳上桌来,在稿子上踩出了几朵小梅花。明喻:小猫踩在稿纸上的脚印像小梅花一样。三类比喻中,本体、喻体之间的关系:明喻 暗喻 借喻 类似 相等 替代本体、喻体之间的关系越来越严密四运用比喻应留意三个咨询题:其一,本体和喻体必须是两种不同的事物,但又有类似点,否那么不能构成比喻。其二,比喻要符合 事理。如“广场上人山人海,人们像蚂蚁一样挤在一起 从情感上看感受别扭。其三,不是所有的“像字句都是比喻句。如“街上仿佛没了人,道路好似突然加宽了许多。只
3、是说明情况,并非比喻。二、比拟。一什么叫比拟?确实是运用联想,成心把物当作人来写,或把人当作物来写,或把甲物当乙物来写的一种修辞方法。修辞效果:给予感情。二比拟的三个构成要素:A、本体:表达对象B、拟体:拟想的其他事物通常总是隐去C、拟语:述说其他事物的词语1、拟人:把物当人写。 层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞怯地打着朵儿的。 这时,春风送来沁鼻的花香,满天的星星都在眨眼欢笑,仿佛对张教师那美妙的方法给予确信与鼓舞2、拟物:把人当作物来写,或把甲物当作乙物来写。 只有那眼珠间或一轮,还能够表示她祥林嫂是一个活物。 我在经历中保存这一支永不凋谢的花雪白的祝愿,献给一切追
4、求真与善的眼睛,愿心灵漂亮。三比拟与比喻的区别:比拟不像比喻那样追求两个事物的类似点,而是直截了当把本体当作拟体,并使本体具有拟体的特点。四运用比拟应留意的咨询题:比拟的表达效果主要是给予感情,因而使用比拟特别要留意感情真切自然,用语和谐,既要符合事物本身的特点,又要与人或事物的情况相协调。如“敌人夹着尾巴逃跑了、“白灵鸟在树上愉快地歌唱。三、夸大。一什么叫夸大?有意对客观事物言过事实上,用以强调或突出事物某方面特征,表达某种强烈感情的修辞格,叫夸大。篇二:修辞格明喻Simile一定义:1. A simile is an expressed likeness. The simplest and
5、 most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes. Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective “similis, meaning like.-Rhetoric in Practice (英语有用修辞学)2. Simile: A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and e
6、nhance an image. It is an explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where the comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of the world like or as.-A Dictionary of Literary Terms (文学用语辞典)例:He entered the penumbra of the storm slowly, marveling at the light , at the horizon drawn back like a
7、 bow. 他渐渐地走进了那风暴的明暗相交的处所,惊奇地望着那拉紧像一把弓箭似的亮堂的地平线。钱歌川译二用比喻词之类的引导方式引导 1. 用介词引导1) The trains flowed like a torrent of diamonds towards the interior. (Durrell: Mount Olive )火车像奔腾的钻石一样向着内陆流去。 2) In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly.在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下去。 2. 用介词短语引导They crowded around the tw
8、o strangers and the flood of questions came. (Issac Asimov: Second Foundation)他们围住了两个生疏人,咨询题如潮水般涌来。 3. 用附属连接词引导 1) as 或 likea) When the propeller turns, it pushes the ship forward as a wood-screw goes into a piece of wood when it isturned.当螺旋桨转动时它推进着轮船前进,就像木钻转动钻木头一样。b) A farm lay quite visible, like
9、 a while stone (lay) in water.( Welty: The Whistle)农庄明晰可辨犹如白石映在水中。 2) as as The sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. 蓝宝石像大海一样蓝。4. 用what引导:如此用的what大致有两种方式 A is to B what C is to D. What C is to D, A is to B.1) The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。2) What sculpture is
10、to a block of marble, education is to the soul.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。 5. 用描述词比拟级引导The ruby shall be redder than a red rose. 红宝石比红玫瑰还要红。 6. 用并列词and引导Love and cough cannot be hid. 案情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。隐喻Metaphor一 定义A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primar
11、ily used of one thing is applied to another.-Websters New World Dictionary拟人 (Personification) 一 定义A figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person.-Websters New World Dictionary把作为事物、思想的物体完完全全地拟成活生生的人,要给予物体以人的思想、人的情感、人的行为方式。二 例The Rose and the Gardener 玫瑰与园丁 The Rose
12、 in the garden slipped her bud,And she laughed in the pride of her youthful blood, As she thought of the gardener standing by “he is old so old; and he soon will die!The full Rose waxed in the warm June air,And she spread and spread, till her heart lay bare, And she laughed once more as she heard hi
13、s tread, “He is older now. He will soon be dead!But the breeze in the morning blew, and foundThat the leaves of the blown Rose strewed the ground, And he came at soon, that Gardener old, And he raked them softly under the mold. And I move the thing to a random rhyme, For the Rose is beauty: the Gard
14、ener, Time.玫瑰花在园中绽放了她的蓓蕾, 她讪笑着自恃着年轻娇美, 她笑那老园丁竟站在她周围“他已经老了老态龙钟,特别快便会命丧黄泉。在六月的暖风中尽量摇曳盛开,她灿烂地开放,开放,直到裸露心胸, 她听见老园丁的脚步声便再次嘲笑: “他越来越老了,他的老命难保!但是上午的和风不停地吹,结果觉察 玫瑰花的花瓣被吹落地上一片又一片, 老园丁来时已到了正午, 他把落花悄悄聚拢埋入泥土。 我且漫将此事写上我的诗笺, 玫瑰虽美但园丁却拥有时间。三 运用方式1. 直截了当拟人:是直截了当让物体包括动物、植物以及非生命的物体和抽象的事情思维、概念等等直接像人一样地说话、行动、思想。 Tree at
15、 my window 窗外的树 Tree at my window, window tree, 树,长在我的窗旁,啊,窗前的树, My sash is lowered when night comes on; 当夜幕降临,我放下窗框, But let there never be curtain drawn 却并不把窗帘拉上, Between you and me. 决不让窗帘把你我分开两处。Vague dream-head lifted out of the ground, 模糊如梦的树冠拔地而起, And thing next most difficult to cloud, 枝叶晕染开去融进云彩间, Not all your light tongues talking aloud 并不只是喧哗的亮堂如舌的叶片, Could be profound. 才诉说着那深远的含义。But , tree, I have seen you taken and tossed, 但是,树,我看着你受侵扰并不安地摇摆, And if you ha