1、第三局部 新目标英语九年级第11讲Units 1-3词汇过关1. by prep . 通过;靠;用e.g. I learn English by studying grammar. 我通过研究语法学习英语。He made a living by begging. 他靠乞讨谋生。 被;由e.g. The rat was killed by Tom with a stick. 那只田鼠被汤姆用棍子打死了。English is used by people around the world. 世界各地的人们都使用英语。到时(为止);不迟于。e.g. Can you finish the work b
2、y tomorrow morning 明天早上之前你能完成工作吗？ By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。 在近旁;在旁边e.g. We had a day by the sea. 我们在海边过了一天。My house is by the river. 我家在河边。拓展 by 可作副词，做“在附近、“从旁经过解e.g. He hid the money when nobody was by. 旁边没人的时候，他把钱藏起来了。He hurried by without a
3、 word. 他一句话也没说，匆匆过去了。联想go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去travel by land / sea / air/day/night 陆上(海上、空中、白天、黑夜)旅行day by day 一天又一天little by little 逐渐地，一点一点地one by one 一个接一个side by side 肩并肩step by step 一步一步，循序渐进(all) by oneself 亲自，单独，无须他人帮助by the way 且说，对了，顺便提一下pass by 经过by accident/ mistake 意外地，错误地b
4、y chance 由于机遇，意外地learnby heart / by hard work 用心/勤奋学习stand by sb. 支持某人2. either adv. 也，用于否认句句末。 adj. 两者之一e.g. I dont like the red one, and I dont like the pink one, either. 我不喜欢那个红色的，也不喜欢那个粉色的。Either (one) of shoes fits me well. 两双鞋每一双都很适宜我。拓展 either 可作连词，用以介绍两个或多个可选择的事物中之第一项,常和or连用。e.g. He must be
5、either mad or drunk. 他要么疯了，要么醉了。Please either come in or go; dont stand in the doorway. 要么进来，要么出去；别站在门口。辨析 too, also 和as well (as) too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。e.g. We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。Do you play soccer every day, too 你也每天踢足球吗？ also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如：e.g. Sandra is also
6、 a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。She can also speak French. 她也会说法语。as well as除之外，同，和，也e.g. He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。He gave me advice, money as well. 他给我忠告，还给我钱。3unless conj if not, except when 除非，如果不，除非在的时候e.g. You will fail unless you work harder. 如果不努力，你会失败的。 Unless bad
7、weather stops me, I go for a walk every day. 我每天都去散步，除非天气不好。辨析 unless与until. 均为附属连词, unless表除非,强调条件,引导条件状语从句;until表直到,强调时间的延续,引导时间状语从句。常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. I didnt know the news until my teacher told it to me. 老师说了以后，我才知道了这个消息。I couldnt know the news unless my teacher told it to me. 如果不是老师告诉我，我不可能知道这个消息
8、。 4. afford: v. 买得起，承当得起。通常与can, could, be able to连用，构成can afford sth /to afford to do sthe.g. Can we afford a new car 我们能买得起一辆新车吗？We cant afford timemoney)to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没时间钱出国。辨析 afford, offer, provide和serve offer作动词的用法: 提出，提供，开价 to offer sb sth / offer sth to sb / offer (sb) sth f
9、ore.g. They offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份工作，可是他拒绝了。Offer some tea to the guests.给客人们上些茶吧。They have offered us 75,000 pounds for to buy the house./ They have offered the house for 75,000 pounds.他们给我们开价75，000英镑买这个房子。offer to do sth, 主动提出做某事，愿意做某事, e.g. He offered to drive
10、 us to the airport, but we preferred to walk there. 他主动提出送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走路去。 The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken. 那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。 They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop. 他们愿出3,000元来买他的笔记本。 offer 可作名词：to make an offer (to do) provide: v. 提供，供给，供给。 to provide sth for sb/provide( sb
11、 )with sth e.g. If you want to go camping, we can provide you with a tent.如果你们去野营，我们可以提供给你们一顶帐篷。 serve: 侍候(顾客等);供给(饭菜);端上to serve sb (with) sth e.g. She served me with a cup of coffee. / She served a cup of coffer to me.她给我端上一杯咖啡。Breakfast is served between 7 and 9. 早上7点至9点供给早餐。为工作，供职，服役e.g. He retu
12、rned to Greece to serve in the army. 他回希腊服役。 5. death n. 死亡，死神，不可数e.g. The death of her mother was sudden. 她母亲的死很突然。拓展 put to death 处死 worried to death. 担忧死了辨析 death, die , dead, deadly和dying die (died, died) v. 死，死亡，瞬间动词 dead adj. 死亡的 deadly adj. 致命的 dying adj. 奄奄一息的，快死的 e.g. His father died last w
13、eek. 他父亲上星期去世了。His father has been dead for a week. 他父亲已经去世一星期了。She cried out after knowing his husbands death. 知道丈夫死亡的消息后，她失声痛哭。He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。Fog is one of the sailors deadliest enemies. 雾是水手的死敌之一。The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady. 那个快死的人被一位善良的女士救了。6.
14、reply v. 答复,答复说 reply to(sb. /sth. ) 对作出答复 e.g. “Certainly not, she said. 她叹了口气，没有答复。 He replied that I could please myself. 他答复说我可以随自己的意思。He failed to reply to my question. 他没能答复我的问题。 拓展 reply可做名词，意为“答道，“回信，“答复e.g. What did he do in reply to your challenge 你提出与他较量，他作何反响 辨析 reply和answer. 两个词都表示“答复，都
15、即做名词又做动词。 但是answer比拟常用，如：answer the question/ the door/ telephone/ letter, 而reply较正式，经过思考，一一答复问题。除了后面可跟直接引语或宾语从句以外，一般只用作不及物动词，和to连用。7.study vt. 学习;研究;细看,细察;仔细考虑e.g. For a year he studied Chinese with me. 他跟我学了一年中文。 I studied him closely. 我仔细地看了看他。They studied the question carefully before they made the decision.他们认真研究了这一问题,然后才做出决定。拓展 study可做名词，意为 “学习;学科;研究;调查,还可作“书房讲
