1、一份改变您健康观念的演讲(转) philipzimbardo：thepsychologyoftimeiwanttosharewithyousomeideasaboutthesecretpoweroftime，inaveryshorttime. video：allright，starttheclockplease.30secondsstudio.keepitquietplease.settledown.itsabouttime.endsequence.takeone.15secondsstudio.2023，nine，eight，seven，six，five，four，three，two. ph
2、ilipzimbardo。eonadam，dontbesowishy-washy.takeabite.idid.onebite，adam.dontabandoneve.idontknow，guys.idontwanttogetintrouble.okay.onebite.whatthehell。（laughter） lifeistemptation.itsallaboutyielding，resisting，yes，no，now，later，impulsive，reflective，presentfocusandfuturefocus.promisedvirtuesfallpreytothep
3、assionsofthemoment. ofteenagegirlswhopledgedsexualabstinenceandvirginityuntilmarriage-thankyougeorgebush-themajority，60percent，yieldedtosexualtemptationswithinoneyear.andmostofthemdidsowithoutusingbirthcontrol.somuchforpromises. nowletstemptfour-year-olds，givingthematreat.theycanhaveonemarshmallowno
4、w.butiftheywaituntiltheexperimentercomesback，theycanhavetwo.ofcourseitpays，ifyoulikemarshmallows，towait.whathappensistwo-thirdsofthekidsgiveintotemptation.theycannotwait.theothers，ofcourse，wait.theyresistthetemptation.theydelaythenowforlater. waltermischel，mycolleagueatstanford，wentback14yearslater，
5、totrytodiscoverwhatwasdifferentaboutthosekids.therewereenormousdifferencesbetweenkidswhoresistedandkidswhoyielded，inmanyways.thekidswhoresistedscored250pointshigheronthesat.thatsenormous.thatslikeawholesetofdifferentiqpoints.theydidntgetinasmuchtrouble.theywerebetterstudents.theywereself-confidentan
6、ddetermined.andthekeyformetoday，thekeyforyou，is，theywerefuture-focusedratherthanpresent-focused. sowhatistimeperspective。thatswhatimgoingtotalkabouttoday.timeperspectiveisthestudyofhowindividuals，allofus，dividetheflowofyourhumanexperienceintotimezonesortimecategories.andyoudoitautomaticallyandnon-co
7、nsciously.theyvarybetweencultures，betweennations，betweenindividuals，betweensocialclasses，betweeneducationlevels.andtheproblemisthattheycanbecomebiased，becauseyoulearntoover-usesomeofthemandunder-usetheothers. whatdeterminesanydecisionyoumake。youmakeadecisiononwhichyouregoingtobaseanaction.forsomepeo
8、pleitsonlyaboutwhatisintheimmediatesituation，whatotherpeoplearedoingandwhatyourefeeling.andthosepeople，whentheymaketheirdecisionsinthatformat-weregoingtocallthempresent-oriented，becausetheirfocusiswhatisnow. forothers，thepresentisirrelevant.itsalwaysaboutwhatisthissituationlikethative experiencedint
9、hepast。sothattheirdecisionsarebasedonpastmemories.andweregoingtocallthosepeoplepast-oriented，becausetheyfocusonwhatwas. forothersitsnotthepast，itsnotthepresent，itsonlyaboutthefuture.theirfocusisalwaysaboutanticipatedconsequences.cost-benefitanalysis.weregoingtocallthemfuture-oriented.theirfocusisonw
10、hatwillbe. so，timeparadox，iwanttoargue，theparadoxoftimeperspective，issomethingthatinfluenceseverydecisionyoumake，youretotallyunawareof.namely，theextenttowhichyouhaveoneofthesebiasedtimeperspectives.wellthereisactuallysixofthem.therearetwowaystobe present-oriented.thereistwowaystobepast-oriented，twow
11、aystobefuture.youcanfocusonpast-positive，orpast-negative.youcanbepresent-hedonistic，namelyyoufocusonthejoysoflife，orpresent-fatalist-itdoesntmatter，yourlifeiscontrolled.youcanbefuture-oriented，settinggoals.oryoucanbetranscendentalfuture：namely，lifebeginsafterdeath.developingthementalflexibilitytoshi
12、fttimeperspectivesfluidlydependingonthedemandsofthesituation，thatswhatyouvegottolearntodo. so，veryquickly，whatistheoptimaltimeprofile。highonpast-positive.moderatelyhighon future.andmoderateonpresent-hedonism.andalwayslowonpast-negativeandpresent-fatalism.sotheoptimaltemporalmixiswhatyougetfromthepas
13、t-past-positivegivesyouroots.youconnectyourfamily，identityandyourself.whatyougetfromthefutureiswingstosoartonewdestinations，newchallenges.whatyougetfromthepresenthedonismistheenergy，theenergytoexploreyourself，places，people，sensuality. anytimeperspectiveinexcesshasmorenegativesthanpositives.whatdofut
14、uressacrificeforsuccess。theysacrificefamilytime.theysacrificefriendtime.theysacrificefuntime.theysacrificepersonalindulgence.theysacrificehobbies.andtheysacrificesleep.soitaffectstheirhealth.andtheyliveforwork，achievementandcontrol.imsurethatresonateswithsomeofthetedsters.（laughter） anditresonatedfo
15、rme.igrewupasapoorkidinthesouthbronxghetto，asicilianfamily-everyonelivedinthepastandpresent.imhereasafuture-orientedpersonwhowentoverthetop，whodidallthesesacrificesbecauseteachersintervened，andmademefutureoriented.toldmedonteatthatmarshmallow，becauseifyouwaityouregoingtogettwoofthem，untililearnedtobalanceout.iveaddedpresent-hedonism，iveaddedafocusonthepast-positive，so，at76yearsold，iammoreenergeticthanever，moreproductive，andimhappierthanihaveeverbeen. ijustwanttosaythatweareapplyingthistomanyworldproblems：changingthedrop-outratesofschoolkids，combatingaddic
