1、高考英语考纲词汇用法详解A aE,eI, anEn,An art. 1.一(个,件,) 2.任何都3.每(一) 4.某,某一个:I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词假设泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点,许多
2、同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错),如不能说Mr. Smith is interesting man.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加:Do you want to read it a third time 你还想看第三次吗 able5eIbl adj.能的,有才能的,能干的,能够的:Shes as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【说明】比较级和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 或 more able, better able 和
3、 most able,但不如前者常见。【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别,见 can。aboutE5baJt prep.在附近,关于,在周围,忙于 adv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围:She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。【句型】1. be about to do 即将,就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时间状语连
4、用) 2. How What about(你认为)怎么样 【辨析】about与on:前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事:It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) / It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)aboveE5bQv prep.在上方,过于,超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的,上述的,上文的:We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above wealth. 健
5、康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。【辨析】above与over:over 表示垂直在上的正上方,above 那么不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用,不表示正上方时要用 above)。 abroadE5brR:d adv. 到(在)国外:He has gone abroad. 他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他刚从国外归来。【用法】1.是副词,不是形容词,不置于名词前作定语,但可置于名词后作定语:ones recent tour abroad 某人最近的国外之行。2.是副
6、词,不是名词,所以不说 go to abroad之类的。acceptEk5sept vt. 接受,成认:Much to my regret, Im unable to accept your kind invitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive:前者指主观上接受,后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物,但没有接受。accident5AksIdEnt n.C事故:She was injured badly in an accident during t
7、he work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然,无意中according toE5kR:dIN tu: prep.按照,根据:from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能,按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 oclock. 按我的表是10点钟。【注意】1.不能用于第一人称,即不能说according to me (us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词,要表示类似意思可改用in ones opi
8、nion等。acheeIk n. C疼痛 vi. 痛;渴望:Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching to join in the game. 我渴望参加比赛。achieveE5tFi:v v. 1.到达,取得 2.完成,实现:He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快到达所有目标。acrossE5krRs prep.& adv. 穿过,在另一边,在对面:We swam across the river. 我们游到河对岸。/ Across the street from the school i
9、s the library. 从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。【辨析】across与cross:前者为介词或副词,后者为动词。actAkt n.C动作;举动;节目;(戏剧的)幕;法案,法令 vi.行动;产生的效果;表演;表现;见效 vt.扮演(角色):People praised his brave act. 人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行!/ Does the drug take long to act 这药要很久才能起作用吗【短语】act as 充当 / act for 代理,代表active5AktIv adj.积极的,活泼的,活泼的:She
10、is very active. 她非常活泼。/ He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 actor5AktE n.C(男)演员:professional actor 专业演员actress5AktrIs n.C女演员:an experienced actress有经验的女演员actual5AktFJEl adj. 实际的,真实的,现实的,目前的:I can not give the actual figures. 我不能举出实际数字。/ Whats the actual price 实价多少addAd vi.&vt. 加,增加,增进,补充
11、说:“I felt sorry for her, Bob added. “我为她感到惋惜,鲍勃又说道。【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于,总之就是addressE5dres n. C住址,通迅处 vt.向致辞,演说,写姓名地址:Whats your home address 你的家庭住址呢 / Write the address clearly. 地址请写清楚。admireEd5maIE vt. 钦佩,赞美,羡慕:I admire her for her bravery. 我钦佩她的勇气。【注意】其后不能接双宾语,也
12、不接that 引导的宾语从句。admitEd5mIt vt. 接纳,让进入,成认:He admitted that it was really his fault. 他成认这确实得怪他。【用法】后接动词要用动名词,不用不定式:She admitted having read the letter. 她成认看过这封信。advanceEd5vB:ns vi.前进,进展 vt. 推进,促进,提升,提前,预付 n.C,U前进,进展,进步,提升,预付款:The general commanded his men to advance. 将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。【短语】in advance 在前头,事先
13、,提前 / in advance of 在前面,比进步,超过 / on the advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝前进advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.C,U优势,长处,有利条件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。【短语】have gain, get the an advantage over of 胜过,优于 / take advantage
14、of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点,占廉价 adventureEd5ventFE n.C,U冒险,冒险活动,奇遇 v. 冒险,胆敢:He lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件,那么可数。adviceEd5vaIs n.U忠告,建议:Your advice was a great help to me. 你的建议对我有很大的帮助。 / I dont know who ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1
15、.不可数,不与不定冠词或数词连用,也不用复数形式,如说a piece of advice, some advice,但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见,通常用ask (for) advice;表示听从或接受某人的意见,通常用follow take ones advice。adviseEd5vaIz vt.劝告,建议:Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不能用不定式,即说advise doing sth,不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语);假设表示建议某人不要做某事,那么用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气:We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。affairE5fZEn.C事件,事情,事务,私事,恋爱事件:foreign affairs 外交事务 / school af