1、科技类文章篇一:科技类文章主题阅读科技主题阅读主题导引:“科学技术是第一消费力,邓小平的精辟言论,我们早已耳熟能详。我们明白是科技改变了生活,也是科技改变着人类,它为无穷的智慧翻开大门,它在无穷的错误面前划下一条鸿沟。面对自然的强大,科技让渺小的人类在伟大的自然面前有了话语权。当自然力量的魔杖转移到了人类本人的手上时,我们的精神渐渐摆脱了万物的奴役,走向了一个更为宽敞的领域。佳篇品鉴:心中有道义,脑中有科学方舟子德国哲学家康德在实践理性批判一书的完毕语写下了一句著名的格言,后来被用做他的墓志铭:“有两种东西,我们越是时常反复地思索,就越是在心中灌注了永远新鲜和不断增长的赞美和敬畏:我头上的星空
2、和我心中的道德法那么。但是个人的思索才能是极其有限的,即便是智者圣人也不例外。在康德的时代,如此的探求往往会产生更大的困惑,最终会被归结到一种奇妙的超自然力量,试忘来一劳永逸地完毕思索。牛顿由于无法处理星体运转的第一推进力征询题,在那儿给上帝留了个位置,而康德尽管不让上帝去推进星体的运转,却又认为道德法那么的存在证明了上帝的存在,把上帝做为至善的化身。这些论证因此已通过时。现代科学正在提示大自然的奇妙,在那儿并无上帝的位置。科学因此还不能答复许多征询题,而限于人类的认识才能,也不可能答复所有的征询题,但是科学毕竟是人类所能掌握的最可靠的探究方法,假设科学答复不了的,没有理由相信通过其他途径能得
3、到可靠的答案。把未知、无解的事物交给神仙、上帝,不过是偷懒的做法。而道义就昭示在血写的历史之中,它是无数仁人志士长期奋斗的结晶,是人类生存、幸福与进步的需要,无需上帝的假设。假设确实有万能至善的上帝,人间就不该有那么多的罪恶。也正由于有那么多罪恶的存在,道义才显得如此珍贵。在星空之下,人体是渺小的,但科学让我们可以触及宇宙的每一个角落。在历史之中,人生是短暂的,但道义可以让我们的精神融入历史的进程而获得永生。只要心中有道义,脑中有科学,渺小、短暂的一生便不会迷失,不会虚度。道义是天际的星光,科学是指路的灯火。道义让我们有理想,有激情;科学让我们有理性,重实证。爱因斯坦的名言“没有宗教的科学是跛
4、脚的,没有科学的宗教是盲目的曾经引起了无数没有读过这句名言的上下文的人的误解,以为爱因斯坦在支持传统的宗教,而事实上爱因斯坦在这里所说的“宗教,不是一般人所说的宗教,而是一种追求真理的激情和信念。我们不妨把这句名言修正成:没有道义的科学是跛脚的,没有科学的道义是盲目的。假设既无科学也无道义,那么是行尸走肉。正是出于如此的信念,从中学时代起,我就同时保存着对科学和文史的浓重兴趣,这从当时沿用至今的这个笔名就可以看出来。两船相并古称“方舟,“方舟子确实是脚踏两只船的人。“方舟并骛,俯仰极乐班固西都赋,我的梦想,便是同时乘坐科学与人文之舟,品味从古今中外的智者与仁者那儿得来的极乐。当我还在从事科学研
5、究的时候,业余的兴趣在于文史,写作也以文史方面为主。而在我离开科学研究之后,写作的内容反而逐步改为以科学方面的为主了。近十年来我由于揭露学术腐败而浪得虚名,以致有不少人误以为我除了写写打假文章,就干不了或不该干别的事情。事实上所谓打假不过是属于路见不平的冲动,并非我真正的兴趣所在。而这种不平,正在于在我看来违犯了科学与道义。在必要的时候,我愿意保卫我的信念,即便必须为此付出血的代价;但是在平常的日子里,我更乐于传递我的信念,希望可以更为深化、持久地传播科学与道义。篇二:2023经济学人科技类文章整合07.14 Autism自闭症Why its not “Rain Woman为什么它不是“雨女W
6、omen have fewer cognitive disorders than men do because their bodies are better at ignoring the mutations which cause them与男性相比,患有认知障碍的女性较少,由于她们本身的身体能更好的忽略导致认知障碍的基因突变AUTISM is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of “social blindness (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others)
7、 occur alone. This is dubbed high-functioning autism, or Aspergers syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful(sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of
8、 cognitive problems. Then, the condition isdebilitating. What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than womenso much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme manifestation of what it means, mentally, to be male.
9、 Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.自闭症是一种惊奇的状态。有时它是由“社会失明病症无法阅读或理解别人的情绪导致的孤单。这被称为高功能自闭症,或亚斯伯格症候群。尽管他们的男性和女性同伴会认为他们有点惊奇,但高功能自闭患者通常是成功的社会人士有时特别成功。然而,另一些场合,自闭症表现为一系列认知征询题的一局部。那么,条件逐步衰弱。关于那些所有被称为自闭症患者范围的人来说共
10、同点是男性远多于女性,以致于一个学校认为自闭症意味着一种极端的在心理上表现为一名男性。比起女孩而言,男孩有四倍的可能性被诊断为自闭症。至于高功能自闭症,比率到达7比1。Moreover, what is true of autism is true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed around three times more often in boys
11、 than in girls.“Intellectual disability, a catch-all term for congenital low IQ, is 30-50% more common in boys, as is epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder1often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.此外,自闭
12、症的真相,在较小程度上,确实是神经病学的认知障碍的真相。被诊断为留意力缺乏症的男大约是女孩的三倍。“智力残疾,一个全面概括先天分智商低下的术语,在男孩中常见比例多达30%50%,癫痫症也是。事实上,这些疾病经常共同出现。例如,被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍的小孩经常也收到ADHD的诊断。Autisms precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known
13、 that make someone with them more vulnerable to the condition.导致自闭症确实切缘故还不明白,但是基因特别重要缘故。尽管还没觉察是由于它本身的突变导致自闭症,但超过100个基因被认为是使某些人在环境阻碍下更容易遭到攻击的对象。 Most of these mutations are as common in women as in men, so one explanation for the divergent incidence is that male brains are more vulnerable than female
14、 ones to equivalent levels of genetic disruption. This is called the female-protective model. The other broad explanation, social-bias theory, is that the difference is illusory. Girls are being under-diagnosed because of differences either in the ways they are assessed, or in the ways they cope wit
15、h the condition, rather than because they actually have it less. Some researchers claim, for example, that girls are better able to hide their symptoms.这些突变在男性和女性中是一样普遍的,因此一个对分歧发生率的解释是关于同等的基因毁坏,男性大脑比女性的更容易受损害。这被称为女性保护方式。另一个广发的解释是社会偏见理论,认为这些不同是虚幻的。这些被诊断缺乏的女孩,由于她们被评估的方式或对环境的处理不同,而不是他们确实特别少有这个病症。例如,一些研
16、究者声称,女孩能更好的隐藏这些病症。The weaker sex弱势性别To investigate this question, Sebastien Jacquemont of the University Hospital of Lausanne and his colleagues analysed genetic data from two groups of children with cognitive abnormalities. Those in one group, 800 strong, were specifically autistic. Those in the other, 16,000 strong, had a range of problems.为了调查这个征询题,洛桑医科大学的医生Sebastien Jacquemont和他的同事分析来自两组患有认识异常病症小孩的基因