1、Animal Health Sector 啮齿类动物啮齿类动物(老鼠老鼠)控制方案控制方案 Rodent Control Program Animal Health Sector 关于啮齿类动物关于啮齿类动物 About RodentsAbout Rodents 哺乳动物中最大的目哺乳动物中最大的目 (40%)(40%)Largest order of mammals(40%)Largest order of mammals(40%)在在3636科中有科中有1,700 1,700 种种 1,700 1,700 species in 35 familiesspecies in 35 famili
2、es 啮齿啮齿 咬咬,噬噬 Rodent GnawRodent Gnaw Animal Health Sector 啮齿类动物啮齿类动物:从它们的栖息地来鉴定从它们的栖息地来鉴定 Rodent:Identify by Habitat 田鼠田鼠 Field Rat 稻田稻田,花园花园 Rice field,Garden 商业性老鼠商业性老鼠 Commensal Rat 仓库仓库 Warehouse 储存室储存室 Store 房屋房屋 House 办公室办公室 Office station Animal Health Sector 大害鼠大害鼠 Great Bandicoot 小害鼠小害鼠 Les
3、ser Bandicoot 东南亚啮齿动物东南亚啮齿动物 Rodent in South East Asia Animal Health Sector 大田鼠大田鼠 Greater Rice-field Rat 小田鼠小田鼠 Lesser Rice-field Rat 东南亚啮齿动物东南亚啮齿动物 Rodent in South East Asia Animal Health Sector 琉球鼠琉球鼠 Ryukyu Mouse 东南亚啮齿动物东南亚啮齿动物 Rodent in South East Asia 黄黄褐鼠褐鼠 Fawn Colored Mouse Animal Health Se
4、ctor 挪威鼠挪威鼠 Norway Rat 东南亚啮齿动物东南亚啮齿动物 Rodent in South East Asia 屋顶鼠屋顶鼠 Roof Rat Animal Health Sector 保加利亚鼠保加利亚鼠 Polynesian Rat 家鼠家鼠 House Mouse 东南亚啮齿动物东南亚啮齿动物 Rodent in South East Asia Animal Health Sector 啮齿动物资料啮齿动物资料 Information about RodentInformation about Rodent 哺乳类哺乳类 MammaliaMammalia 4只切齿只切齿
5、(上面上面/下面各下面各2 2只只)能增加至能增加至 6 6-9 9 寸长寸长 4 4 Incisors(upper 2/Lower 2)Incisors(upper 2/Lower 2)Increase 6 Increase 6-9 inchs9 inchs 无犬齿无犬齿,无前磨牙无前磨牙 No canine&No preNo canine&No pre-molarmolar 身体有毛身体有毛 Hair cover the bodyHair cover the body 尾及足无毛尾及足无毛 Hairless tail and foots.Hairless tail and foots.An
6、imal Health Sector 啮齿动物资料啮齿动物资料 Information about Rodent 后肢比前肢长后肢比前肢长 Hind limb longer than fore limb 嗅觉好嗅觉好 Good smelling organ(nose)听觉好听觉好 Good hearing organ(ears)色盲色盲 Color Blindness 味觉发达味觉发达 High performance taste buds 能游泳和潜水能游泳和潜水 Able to swim and dive Animal Health Sector 啮齿动物资料啮齿动物资料 Informat
7、ion about RodentInformation about Rodent 恐惧症及多疑恐惧症及多疑 Neophobia and suspiciousNeophobia and suspicious 1-2 年寿命年寿命 Life span 1 Life span 1-2 years2 years 可回忆可回忆 3 3-6 6 个月的事情个月的事情 Term of memory 3Term of memory 3-6 months6 months 能在恶劣环境中生存能在恶劣环境中生存 Survive in bad condition.Survive in bad condition.高可
8、高可 35 35 度度 Temp.35 Temp.35 C C 低可低可 15 15 度度 Temp.Temp.-15 C15 C Animal Health Sector 啮齿动物资料啮齿动物资料 Information about RodentInformation about Rodent 跳高跳高能手能手 Good JumperGood Jumper 高度达高度达 0.5 0.5 米以上米以上 High 0.5m.High 0.5m.跳远达跳远达 1.5 1.5 米以上米以上 Far 1.5m.Far 1.5m.群居性动物群居性动物 Peak order /Social AnimalP
9、eak order /Social Animal Animal Health Sector 啮齿的优点啮齿的优点 Strength of Rodents IncisorsStrength of Rodents Incisors 钻石钻石 Diamond =Diamond =1010 Mohs Mohs scalescale 铁铁 Iron Iron =5 Mohs scale5 Mohs scale 啮齿动物的切齿啮齿动物的切齿Rodent Incisor =5.5 Mohs Rodent Incisor =5.5 Mohs scalescale 锌锌 Zinc Zinc =2.5=2.5 M
10、ohsMohs scalescale 铅铅 Lead Lead =1.51.5Mohs scaleMohs scale Animal Health Sector 繁殖繁殖 ReproductionReproduction 每年每年 4 4-5 5 胎胎 /每胎每胎 4 4-10 10 只只 4-5 Litters per year /4Litters per year /4-10 per litter10 per litter 性成熟性成熟 2 2 个月个月 Sexual maturity Sexual maturity 2 monthsmonths 排卵期排卵期 (每每5 5天天)Estro
11、us cycle every 5 Estrous cycle every 5 days.days.怀孕期怀孕期 2020-25 25 天天 Gestation period Gestation period 20-25 days.25 days.一对成年老鼠一对成年老鼠,每年可产每年可产12501250只小鼠只小鼠 1 1 couple 1,250 rats/yearcouple 1,250 rats/year Animal Health Sector 繁殖周期繁殖周期 Reproductive cycle 性成熟性成熟 雄雄 雌雌 交配交配 受孕受孕 怀孕怀孕21天天 出生出生 21天天 断
12、奶断奶 6周周 21天天 Animal Health Sector 饮食行为饮食行为 Feeding BehaviourFeeding Behaviour 体重体重1010%Feed consumption Feed consumption 10%of body weigh%of body weigh 夜行动物夜行动物 Nocturnal AnimalNocturnal Animal 年龄年龄4 4-5 5周周 自行采食自行采食 Age Age 4 4-5 5 weekweek Self FeedingSelf Feeding 害鼠害鼠 BandicotaBandicota 采食范围采食范围
13、Feeding area Feeding area 100 m.m.田鼠田鼠 Field RatField Rat 采食范围采食范围 Feeding area Feeding area 50 m.m.家鼠家鼠 House MouseHouse Mouse 采食范围采食范围 Feeding area Feeding area 3-9 m.m.Animal Health Sector 栖息地栖息地 Habitat 通常栖息于能保暖及防湿的建筑物内 Usually lives in building and structures which protect it from cold and wet
14、3种基本因素决定其生存能力:水,食物和适当的庇护所 3 essentials for survival are food,water and suitable harborage 厨房厨房 餐厅餐厅 吊顶吊顶 厕所厕所 红色划线部分红色划线部分 为可寄居地为可寄居地 Animal Health Sector 鼠可能的潜入途径鼠可能的潜入途径 Potential routes and sites of rodent entry:Potential routes and sites of rodent entry:沿着电缆及电线沿着电缆及电线 墙的裂缝墙的裂缝 开着的窗开着的窗 树枝树枝 破的玻璃
15、窗破的玻璃窗 阴沟及下水道阴沟及下水道 Animal Health Sector 老鼠带来的问题老鼠带来的问题 The problems cause by rodentsThe problems cause by rodents 消耗消耗食物食物 Direct consumption of foodDirect consumption of food.污染及破坏食物污染及破坏食物 Food contamination and damage.Food contamination and damage.破坏建筑物破坏建筑物 Structural damageStructural damage.传染
16、疾病传染疾病 Disease transmission.Disease transmission.产生大批老鼠产生大批老鼠 Source of reinfestation of Source of reinfestation of adjoining adjoining areasareas.用于杀鼠的费用用于杀鼠的费用 Cost associated with control Cost associated with control operations.operations.Animal Health Sector 对人类的影响对人类的影响 Impact on human 人兽共患病人兽共患病 Zoonoses 沙门氏菌 Salmonellosis 脉络后脑膜炎 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis 污染人类及动物食品污染人类及动物食品 Consumption and contamination of human and animal food 每夜有50-60颗粪便 50-60 droppings per night 排尿频繁(大约每年6公升)urinate
