1、摘要能源和环境问题一直是困扰当今世界发展的两大问题,也一直是我国经济工作的战略重点。当今，由于建筑能源的大量浪费造成了严重的环境问题。在集中供热供冷的建筑中推行集中供热供冷计费是节约能源和保护环境的迫切要求，它通过“多用多付，少用少付”的原则促进用户主动地节约集中供热供冷的能耗，同时也有利于环境的保护。但目前流行的“时间面积分配法”热能分配方案，其分配的原则只依据使用热能的时间和使用热能的面积来计算。可在实际情况中，不同的用户在不同的时间取暖，即使采暖的时间相同，他们获取的热能也可能不相同，仅仅用采暖时间的长短来判断获取热能的多少是片面的。因此，设计一种更为合理的热能分配方案在中央空调分户计费
2、系统中显得尤为重要。本文设计一种热能实时实效面积分配方法，首先对用户面积进行修正，获得该用户实效面积；其次各个用户在用房间实效面积占全部用户在用房间实效面积的比值，对该供热区域该单位时间总热能表即时热能值进行实时分配，得出各用户在该单位时间内实时分配热能值；最后将某一时刻至另一时刻内所有连续的单位时间每一个用户所分配的实时分配热能值累计，得出用户该时间段内分配的总热能值，作为供热计量收费的依据。根据提出的热能分配方法，设计并开发中央空调分户计费系统。具体对系统的总体设计、功能需求分析、非功能需求分析、开发环境进行阐述，完成系统的总体框架和功能设计，详细对数据采集模块、计费管理模块、统计查询模块
3、、小区管理模块、系统管理模块的功能以及对应的数据库进行了设计，用代码实现了相关功能。最后对系统进行功能测试和性能测试。该系统可以满足小区管理员对所属小区所有住户中央空调能耗费用的管理，经过测试，效果良好，达到了预期设计目标，验证本文的研究成果。本系统在复杂的日常业务工作中稳定运行，给工作带来了诸多便利。关键词：中央空调；计费；热能；住户AbstractEnergy and environmental issues have always been two major problems that have plagued the development of todays world, and
4、have always been the strategic focus of Chinas economic work. Today, serious environmental problems are caused by the massive waste of building energy. In the central heating and cooling buildings, the implementation of centralized heating and cooling billing is an urgent requirement for energy cons
5、ervation and environmental protection. It promotes users to actively save central heating through the principle of “multiple use, more use, less use and less payment”. Cold energy consumption is also conducive to environmental protection. However, the current time area allocation method thermal ener
6、gy distribution scheme, the principle of distribution is based only on the time of using thermal energy and the area of using thermal energy. In actual situations, different users can warm at different times. Even if the heating time is the same, the heat energy they obtain may be different. It is o
7、nly one-sided to judge the amount of heat energy obtained by the length of heating time. Therefore, designing a more reasonable thermal energy distribution scheme is particularly important in the central air-conditioning household billing system.In this paper, a real-time effective area allocation m
8、ethod for thermal energy is designed. Firstly, the user area is corrected to obtain the effective area of the user. Secondly, the effective area of each user in the room is the ratio of the effective area of the user in the room. The unit in the heating area. The real-time heat energy value of the t
9、ime total heat energy meter is distributed in real time, and the real-time distributed heat energy value allocated by each user in the unit time is calculated from the real-time distributed heat energy value of each user in a continuous unit time from one time to another time. Accumulated, the total
10、 heat energy value allocated by the user during the time period is obtained as the basis for the heating metering charge.According to the proposed thermal energy distribution method, the central air-conditioning household billing system is designed and developed. Specifically, the overall design, fu
11、nctional requirements analysis, non-functional requirements analysis, and development environment of the system are elaborated, and the overall framework and functional design of the system are completed. The data acquisition module, the billing management module, the statistical query module, the c
12、ommunity management module, and the system are detailed. The functions of the management module and the corresponding database are designed, and related functions are realized by code. Finally, the system is tested for functional and performance. The system can meet the management of the central air
13、-conditioning energy consumption of all households in the residential community by the community administrator. After testing, the effect is good, and the expected design goal is achieved, and the research results of this paper are verified. The system runs stably in complex daily business work, bri
14、nging a lot of convenience to the work.Keywords：Central air conditioning; billing; thermal energy; households47目 录摘要IAbstractII1绪论11.1研究的背景与意义11.2文献综述21.2.1国外研究现状21.2.2国内研究现状31.2.3国内外发展现状的动态评述51.3本文主要解决的问题51.4本文创新点61.5本文研究框架72热能实时实效面积分配方法模型设计82.1热能实时实效面积特点82.2热能实时实效面积分配方法模型构建92.3热能实时实效面积分配优势102.4本章小
15、结113系统需求分析123.1系统目标123.2系统用户133.3系统功能需求133.4系统非功能需求153.5系统开发工具与平台介绍153.6本章小结174系统设计184.1系统总体设计184.1.1系统架构设计184.1.2系统功能设计194.1.3系统拓扑结构设计204.2系统功能设计204.2.1数据采集模块设计204.2.2计费管理模块设计214.2.3统计查询模块设计234.2.4小区管理模块设计244.2.5系统管理模块设计254.3系统数据库设计274.3.1物理结构设计274.3.2数据库表设计304.4本章小结315系统实现325.1开发环境325.1.1软件开发环境325.1.2硬件开发环境325.2系统实现效果325.2.1系统主界面325.2.2系统参数设置界面335.2.3小区信息管理界面345.2.4用户充值缴费界面365.2.5查询统计界面375.3本章小结376系统测试386.1测试目标与要求386.2测试方法386.3测试用例396.4性能测试416.5本章小结41结论43致谢44参考文献451绪论本章针对中央空调分户计费系统的写作背景进行了阐述，同时针对我国当前在中央空调分户计费的研究背景与意义进行具体分析，在分析的基础上对当前国内外相关问题的研究进行了梳理，并对本研究所涉及的问题进行了具体陈述，最
