1、Designation:C2409(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forPyrometric Cone Equivalent(PCE)of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C24;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of
2、 revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method c
3、overs the determination of the pyro-metric cone equivalent(PCE)of fire clay,fireclay brick,high-alumina brick,and silica fire clay refractory mortar bycomparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones underthe conditions prescribed in this test method.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound u
4、nits are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsCertain weights are in SI units withinch-pound in parentheses.Also,certain figures have SI unitswithout par
5、entheses.These SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the app
6、licability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
7、the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples ByComparison TechniquesE691 Practi
8、ce for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,see Terminology C71.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of preparing a test cone froma refractory material and comparing
9、 its deformation end pointto that of a standard pyrometric cone.The resultant PCE valueis a measure of the refractoriness of the material.4.2 Temperature equivalent tables for the standard coneshave been determined by the National Institute of Standardsand Technology when subjected to both slow and
10、rapid heatingrates.5.Significance and Use5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds toa certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time,temperature,and atmosphere.5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to manyvariables that are difficult to control.Therefore,an experien
11、cedoperator may be necessary where PCE values are being utilizedfor specification purposes.5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high-alumina refractories.5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclayvariations,mining control,and developing raw material speci-fications.5.5 Altho
12、ugh not recommended,this test method is some-times applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina.Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories andnever be used for specification purposes.6.Procedure6.1 Preparation of Sample:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on ThermalProperties.Current edition approved Feb.1,2018.Published February 2018.Originallyapproved in 1919.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C24 09(2013).DOI:10.1520/C0024-09R18.2For referenced ASTM standard
14、s,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.
15、United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barri
16、ers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.1.1 Clay or BrickCrush the entire sample of fire clay orfireclay brick,in case the amount is small,by means of rolls ora jaw crusher to produce a particle size not larger than14in.(6 mm).If the amount is large,treat a representative sampleobtained by approved methods.Then mix the sample thor-oughly and reduce the amount to about 250 g(0.5 lb)byquartering(see Note 1).Then grind this portion in an agate,porcelain,or hard steel mortar and reduce the amount again byqua
