1、Designation:C177013Standard Test Method forDetermination of Loose and Tapped Bulk Density ofPlutonium Oxide1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1770;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last re
2、vision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method specifies a method for the determina-tion of loose and tapped bulk density of plutonium oxidepowder.1.2 This test
3、 method is applicable when limited quantities ofpowder are available for performance of the measurements.Alternative test methods,such as Test Methods B527 orD7481,may be used when sufficient quantities are available.1.3 This test method contains notes that are explanatory andare not part of the man
4、datory requirements of the method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of t
5、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B527 Test Method for Tap Density of Metal Powders and
6、CompoundsC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsD3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and CatalysisD6393 Test Method for Bulk Solids Characterization byCarr IndicesD7481 Test Methods for Determining Loose and TappedBulk Densities of Powders using a Graduated CylinderE135 Terminology Relatin
7、g to Analytical Chemistry forMetals,Ores,and Related MaterialsE1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-ders3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method but notdefined herein,refer to Terminologies C859 and E135.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 bulk density,nratio of the ma
8、ss of a collection ofdiscrete pieces of solid material to the sum of the volumes of:the solids in each piece,the voids within the pieces,and thevoids among the pieces of the particular collection.D37663.2.2 loose bulk density,nbulk density that results frompouring the powder into a heap or container
9、 in the absence ofany applied compression.D74813.2.3 tapped bulk density,nbulk density resulting from theapplication of compression,for example,impact or vibration.D74814.Summary of Test Method4.1 Loose bulk density is determined by measuring thevolume of a known mass of plutonium oxide powder poure
10、dinto a graduated cylinder with a capacity of 10,25,50,or 100cm3.The cylinder size should be selected based on the amountof plutonium oxide powder available for the test.4.2 The cylinder is then mechanically tapped at a droppingheight of 3 mm for 2 min at 250 taps per minute,and theresulting volume
11、is then measured.This process is repeated forcycles of 2 min until the difference in tapped volumes is lessthan 2%.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for determination of bulkloose or tapped density or both for plutonium oxide or similarmetallic powders or compounds in the nuclea
12、r industry.It isintended for use when the quantity of available material forperforming the measurements is limited because of reasonssuch as nuclear safety or laboratory scale limits on nuclearinventory.5.2 Values of loose bulk density obtained using this testmethod should be used with caution since
13、 they can varyconsiderably depending on the initial state of dispersion of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods ofTest.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published February 2013.DO
14、I:10.1520/C1770-132For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Dri
15、ve,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 test specimen,height-to-diameter ratio of the specimen in thegraduated cylinder,the dryness of the powder,and otherfactors.5.3 The data from the tapped bulk density test can be usedto estimate the needed volume of small containers holding
16、 afixed mass of powder that has been compacted.5.4 This test method may be useful for the determination ofthe Carr Compressibility Index as described in Test MethodD6393.6.Apparatus6.1 Balance,analytical,0.1-mg sensitivity.6.2 Graduated glass cylinder,with a capacity of 10,25,50,or 100 cm3,ClassA,meeting the requirements of SpecificationE1272.6.3 Tapping Apparatus,with the following features(seeFig.1).6.3.1 The apparatus permits the tapping of the graduatedcylinder against a firm base.6.3.2 The
