1、法律英语中shall的用法 现有英语法律和合同条文的主句成分中的shall，在汉语中有非常多种译法。通常被译成须“、应“，有时被译成应当“，也有时译成要“、将“、可“，还有被译成必须“，甚至被完全忽略不译的。试看以下各例。 1. The Chief justice of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents
2、 of the Region. In addition to the procedure prescribed in Articles 88 and 89 of this law， the appointment and removal of judges of the Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be made by the Chief Executive with the endorsement of the Legislative Council of the Region and reported
3、 to the Standing Committee of the National Peoplelsquo;s Congress for the record.香港特别行政区终审法院和高等法院的首席法官，应由在外国无居留权的香港特别行政区永久性居民中的中国居民担任。除本法第八十八条和第八十九条规定的程式外，香港特别行政区终审法院和高等法院首席法官的任命和免职，利博国际投注还须由行政长官征得立法会同意，并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。（香港特别行政区根本法） 2.hellip;the election or recall of chief procurators of peoplelsqu
4、o;s procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the peoplersquo;s procuratorates at the next higher level for submission to the standing committees of the peoplelsquo;s congresses at the corresponding level for approval.选出或罢免人民检察长，须报上级人民检察院检察长提请该级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。（宪法） 3.Shipment： The D
5、ate of the Bill of Lading shall be accepted as a conclusive evidence of the date of shipment.付运：提货单的日期须被成认为付运日期确实实证据。 4.One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a c
6、rime shall be given a heavier punishment.教唆别人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中起的作用途分。教唆不满十八岁的人犯罪的，应当从重处分。（刑法） 5.If the Buyers fail to notify and/or forward full details within the period specified above， the Buyers shall be deemed to have waived their right to assert any claim.假设买方未能在上述规定的期间内通知和（或）寄出完好的细节，那么买方将被认为放弃提
7、出任何索赔的权利。 6.In the event the Buyerslsquo; such appointment does not arrive in time， the Sellersrsquo; system of inspection shall be final and binding upon the parties concerned.万一买方对这种委托未能及时到达，卖方的检查制度将是决定性的并对有关各方有约束力。 7.Quantity， unless otherwise arranged， shall be subject to a variation of 5% plus
8、or minus at Sellerlsquo;s option.量：除非另作安排，量可由卖方选择作加或减5%的变动。 8. hellip;Such compensation shall correspond to the real value of the property concerned and shall be freely convertible and paid without undue delay.hellip; 征用财产的补偿应相当于该财产当时的实际价值，可自由兑换，不得无故拖延支付。 9.The Purchaser shall， upon receipt of Corpo
9、rationlsquo;s respective invoices therefor， pay to Corporation all amounts which become due by the Purchaser to the Corporation hereunder， including withou发票后，买方必须立即付给公司已到期应付的所有款项，包括各种税收费用在内，不得有例外。 10.The contractor shall be entitled to use for the purpose of the works such supplies of electricity a
10、nd water as may be available therefor on the site and shall pay the purchaser such as may be reasonable in the circumstances， and shall at his own expense provide any apparatus necessary for such use.承包商有权利用工地上原有的供电供水进展施工，但须向业主交纳合理的水电费，并要本人承担用去安装供电供水所需仪表。 11.The Board shall have such jurisdiction an
11、d powers as are conferred on it by this or any other Ordinance.仲裁处具备本条例或任何其他条例授予仲裁处的司法管辖权及权利。 12.All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law.香港居民在法律面前一律平等。 综上所述：shall的译法显然五花八门，至少有八种之多。例1将shall译成应“和须“，例2、例3译成须“（或须“被译成shall）；例4将shall译成应当“；例5、例6译成将“；例7、例8译成可“和应“；例9那么译成必须“；在例10中，其中一处不译、另一处译成须“，后一处译成要“；而最后两例，即例11、12，不译，即在汉语文本里找不到对应的译文。
