1、Journal of Chengdu Medical College,2023,Vol.18,No.1成都医学院学报 2023 年第 18 卷第 1 期54网络出版地址:https:/ 肿瘤科(成都 610500);2.成都医学院第一附属医院 放射科(成都 610500)【摘要】目的探讨阿瑞匹坦治疗免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)相关性皮疹的临床疗效。方法选取成都医学院第一附属医院 2021年 2月至 2022年 5月收治的 84例ICI相关性皮疹患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组 42例。对照组采用夫西地酸乳膏局部外用治疗,疗程 1周;试验组在对照组基础上联合口服阿瑞匹坦治疗
2、,疗程 3 d。比较两组治疗总有效率,治疗前后的瘙痒症状(采用瘙痒评分评估)与生活质量采用皮肤病生活质量指标(DLQI)问卷评估,血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-(TNF-)等炎症因子水平及不良反应发生率。结果试验组总有效率 95.24明显高于对照组的 80.95,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。治疗后,两组瘙痒评分与DLQI评分均较治疗前降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IL-6、IL-1、TNF-均较治疗前降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。试验组和对照组不良反应总发生率分别为
3、 26.19和 16.67,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论阿瑞匹坦联合夫西地酸乳膏治疗ICI相关性 12级皮疹可通过抑制炎症反应提升治疗效果。【关键词】阿瑞匹坦;免疫检查点抑制剂;相关性皮疹;炎症;不良反应【中图分类号】R730.51【文献标志码】Efficacy of Aprepitan in Treating Rash Associated with Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsLiu Chaomin1,Zhang Zhi2,Liu Wei1,Luo Xing1.1.Department of Oncology,The First Affiliated
4、Hospital of Chengdu Medical College,Chengdu 610500,China;2.Radiology Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College,Chengdu 610500,China【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of aprepitant for immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)-associated rash.MethodsA total of 84
5、 patients with ICI-associated rash admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from February 2021 to May 2022 were selected and divided into experimental group(n=42)and control group(n=42)by random number table method.The control group was treated with local external applica
6、tion of fusidic acid cream for 1 week,while the experimental group was additionally given oral administration of aprepitant on the basis of the treatment in the control group for 3 d.The total effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Pruritus symptoms(as
7、sessed by pruritus score),quality of life assessed by Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)Questionnaire,and levels of serum interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1(IL-1)and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)in both groups before and after treatment were compared.ResultThe total effective rate in the experimenta
8、l group was 95.24,which was significantly higher than 80.95 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).After treatment,the pruritus score and DLQI score in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and those in the experimental group were lower than those
9、in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).After treatment,levels of serum IL-6,IL-1 and TNF-in both groups were all lower than those before treatment,and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statisti
10、cally significant (P 0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group and the control group were 26.19 and 16.67,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P 0.05).ConclusionAprepitan combined with fusidic acid cream in the treatment of ICI-associated g
11、rade 1-2 rash can improve the therapeutic effect by inhibiting inflammatory response.【Key words】Aprepitant;Immune checkpoint inhibitor;Associated rash;Inflammation;Adverse reaction*基金项目:四川省卫生健康委员会科研课题(普及应用项目)(No:20PJ155);四川省临床重点专科(肿瘤科)建设项目通信作者:张志Journal of Chengdu Medical College,2023,Vol.18,No.1成都医
12、学院学报 2023 年第 18 卷第 1 期55对于失去外科根治性手术机会的中晚期恶性肿瘤患者,靶向治疗和免疫疗法是最常见的治疗手段,其中免疫疗法以免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICI)为代表药物1。研究2表明,免疫疗法通过激活免疫抑制来恢复免疫系统的免疫监视功能,随着ICI的广泛应用,其会对机体免疫平衡造成干扰,最终诱发ICI相关不良反应。ICI相关不良反应的常见类型包括皮肤毒性、消化道毒性等,其中以ICI相关性皮疹较为常见,发生率可达 30503。目前ICI相关性皮疹的常规药物治疗多采取口服抗组胺、激素类软膏局部外治为主,但疗效并不理想,患者生
13、活质量及治疗依从性受到明显影响4。随着抗肿瘤治疗模式的改变,临床对肿瘤患者的临床治疗目标已经从一味追求延长生存期变得愈来愈重视患者生活质量,因此如何选择有效的药物治疗ICI相关性皮疹,减轻患者症状并避免抗肿瘤治疗受到干扰成为当前研究热点。近年研究5发现,神经激肽 1受体(neurokinin 1 receptor,NK-1R)拮抗剂对皮肤瘙痒、皮疹等有一定治疗效果,其中阿瑞匹坦作为常见的NK-1R拮抗剂逐渐用于ICI相关性皮疹患者的临床治疗,并取得良好效果。Fowler等6研究采用阿瑞匹坦治疗ICI相关性皮疹,取得满意效果,且安全性较高,患者耐受良好。但目前国内鲜有相关研究报道。本研究以ICI
14、相关性皮疹患者为研究对象,探讨阿瑞匹坦治疗ICI相关性皮疹的有效性与安全性,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料选取成都医学院第一附属医院 2021年 2月至2022年 5月收治的 84例ICI相关性皮疹患者为研究对象,纳入标准:1)经病理及影像学检查(胸腹部增强CT、头颅CT或MRI)确诊为恶性肿瘤,使用ICI后出现了皮疹、瘙痒等症状;2)年龄18岁;3)皮疹分级 2级;4)一般情况良好,美国东部协作肿瘤组体力状态评分 01分;5)意识清楚,按规定用药。排除标准:1)对治疗药物过敏者;2)患精神疾病者;3)使用ICI前已存在皮疹者;4)妊娠期或哺乳期女性;5)正在服用可能引起皮肤不良反应的
15、其他药物者。本研究获得成都医学院第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审批号:2022CYFYIRB-BA-Jun10),患者签署知情同意书。采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为试验组和对照组,每组 42例。两组性别、年龄等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性(表 1)。表 1两组一般资料比较n(%),n=42组别性别年龄/岁体重指数/(kg/m2)男女对照组25(59.52)17(40.48)57.685.3122.311.68试验组22(52.38)20(47.62)58.425.0222.501.772/t0.4320.6560.505P0.510*0.5140.615注:*P采
16、用2检验;P采用t检验。1.2方法1.2.1对照组采用夫西地酸乳膏(商品名:奥络,澳美制药厂,批准文号:HC20150043,规格:10 g0.2 g)局部外用治疗,消毒患处皮肤后涂抹夫西地酸乳膏至完全覆盖皮疹,厚度约 2 mm。皮疹分级级者涂抹 2 次/d,级者涂抹 3 次/d。疗程 1周。1.2.2 试 验 组 在对照组治疗基础上联合阿瑞匹坦(商品名:欧可平,齐鲁制药有限公司,国药准字:H20203321,规格:80 mg):口服阿瑞匹坦 120 mg,d1;80 mg,d2、d3。1.3观察指标1.3.1 临 床 疗 效 参照常见不良反应事件评价标准6对皮疹进行分级:丘疹和脓疱范围10体表面积,为 1级;丘疹和脓疱范围在 1030体表面积,伴一定的心理影响与生活活动受限,为 2级;丘疹和脓疱30体表面积,生活活动受限,局部感染,需口服抗生素,为 3级。根据患者治疗前后的皮疹分级情况进行疗效评价:1)皮疹消失,无感染,为痊愈;2)皮疹分级下降至少 2个等级,丘疹和脓疱范围明显缩小或减轻,为显效;3)皮疹分级下降 1级,丘疹和脓疱范围缩小并减轻,为有效;皮疹分级未下降,丘疹和脓疱无变