1、第 41 卷 第 1 期2023 年 2 月辐射研究与辐射工艺学报 J.Radiat.Res.Radiat.PVol.41,No.1February 2023 射线辐照及粒径 对 芦 苇 秸 秆 酶 解 发 酵的影响齐 慧1 陈 亮1 武小芬1 刘 安1 王丹阳2 张 勇1 邓 明1 王克勤11(湖南省农业科学院 核农学与航天育种研究所/湖南省农业生物辐照工程技术研究中心 长沙 410125)2(湖南大学研究生院 隆平分院 长沙 410125)摘要 以经过不同吸收剂量(0500 kGy)的射线辐照处理后的芦苇秸秆为研究对象,机械粉碎后过筛,研究吸收剂量、过筛孔径对其粒径分布、粉碎能耗、主要组分
2、含量、纤维素酶解转化率、纤维素乙醇转化率的影响。研究结果显示:随着过筛孔径的减小,所获得的芦苇秸秆样品质量显著减少,且与吸收剂量负相关;芦苇的粉碎能耗随吸收剂量的升高而降低,获得相同质量的过筛样品,粉碎能耗又随过筛孔径的减小而显著增加;相同吸收剂量处理的芦苇秸秆,其纤维素酶解转化率和纤维素乙醇转化率均随过筛孔径的减小而增大,其中吸收剂量为分别 0 kGy、206 kGy、404 kGy,粒径范围在 r0.180 mm 的芦苇秸秆样品其纤维素酶解转化率较r0.850 mm样品分别提高129.20%、85.98%、106.63%,纤维素乙醇转化率分别提高136.04%、21.75%、4.39%。综
3、合比较粉碎能耗与纤维素酶解转化率和纤维素乙醇转化率的增加比率,最终确定未辐照(0 kGy)芦苇秸秆样品的最佳过筛孔径为0.850 mm;吸收剂量为206 kGy、404 kGy的芦苇秸秆样品最佳过筛孔径为0.425 mm。关键词 芦苇,射线辐照,粒径,酶解,发酵中图分类号 TL99DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2022-0057Effects of -ray irradiation and particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of reed strawsQI Hui1 CHEN Liang1 WU X
4、iaofen1 LIU An1 WANG Danyang2 ZHANG Yong1 DENG Ming1 WANG Keqin11(Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Mutation Breeding,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hunan province Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation,Changsha 410125,China)2(Lo
5、ngping Branch,Graduate School of Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China)ABSTRACT To explore the effects of absorbed dose and particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of reed straws(Phragmites australias),the straws were irradiated with-ray irradiation at different doses(0 500 kGy)and t
6、hen passed through different aperture sieves after mechanical grinding.The effects of absorbed doses 基金资助:湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ5286)、国家自然科学基金(12005058)、湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2021CX68、2021CX39)资助第一作者:齐慧,女,1988年12月出生,2013年于中国农业科学院农产品质量与食物安全专业获农学硕士学位,现从事辐照技术在农业废弃物中的应用研究,助理研究员,E-mail:通信作者:王克勤,研究员,E-mail:收稿日期:初稿 2
7、022-05-18;修回 2022-07-13Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ5286),National Natural Science Foundation of China(12005058),Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2021CX68 and 2021CX39)First author:QI Hui(female)was born in Decembe
8、r 1988,and obtained her masters degree in Quality of Agricultural Products and Food Safety from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2013.Now she is an assistant professor engaging in the application of irradiation technology in agricultural waste.E-mail:Corresponding author:WANG Keqin,profes
9、sor,E-mail:Received 18 May 2022;accepted 13 July 2022齐 慧等:射线辐照及粒径对芦苇秸秆酶解发酵的影响0104022and sieving aperture size on particle size distribution,comminution energy,main component content,enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate,and ethanol conversion rate of cellulose were examined,and the optimal respective
10、 sieving aperture for reed straws with different absorbed doses were determined.The results showed that with decreasing sieve aperture size,reed straw quality decreased significantly and was negatively correlated with the absorbed dose;the comminution energy of reed straws decreased with increasing
11、absorbed doses.With respect to consistent quality of sieved reed straws,the comminution energy increased significantly with decreasing sieving particle size.In reed straws with the same absorbed dose,the enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate and ethanol conversion rate of cellulose increased with dec
12、reasing sieving aperture size.Compared with reed straws with particle size r 0.850 mm,the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rates in reed straws with particle size r 0.180 mm increased by 129.20%,85.98%,and 106.63%at absorbed doses of 0 kGy,206 kGy,and 404 kGy,respectively,and cellulose etha
13、nol conversion increased by 136.04%,21.75%,and 4.39%,respectively.By compre-hensively comparing the increased ratios of comminution energy,cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate,and cellulose ethanol conversion rate,the optimal sieving aperture of non-irradiated(0 kGy)reed straws was deter-m
14、ined to be 0.850 mm,and that of reed straws irradiated with 206 kGy or 404 kGy was determined to be 0.425 mm.KEYWORDS Reed straws,-ray irradiation,Grain diameter,Enzymatic hydrolysis,FermentationCLC TL99随着工业化及社会经济的快速发展,能源安全和环境污染问题日益成为世界可持续发展的主要制约因素,随着化石能源的逐渐枯竭,发展绿色可再生能源刻不容缓。生物燃料乙醇因其可再生、环境友好、促进农业发展等优
15、势,成为替代汽油消费的潜在选择。富含木质纤维素的农林废弃物因其量大、经济、且不与人和动物争粮等特点,已成为第二代生物燃料乙醇的主要原料。研究表明:富含木质纤维素的农林废弃物因其量大、经济、且不与人和动物争粮等特点,已成为第二代生物燃料乙醇的主要生产原料。研究表明,芦苇(Phragmites australias)的木质纤维素含量,特别是纤维素含量明显高于常见农林废弃物(如稻草、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆等),而纤维素是生物燃料乙醇的主要糖源1-2。因此,以芦苇为原料发酵产乙醇成为研究热点3-4。利用生物质生产燃料乙醇的工艺流程为:原料预处理水解糖化发酵纯化精馏5。纤维素是生物质制备燃料乙醇的主要原材料
16、,其被高度聚合的木质素包裹,难以与生物催化剂接触,严重降低反应效率。因此,在水解糖化之前,预处理破坏木质素结构、膨化纤维素成分是不可或缺的步骤。传统的预处理方式有物理方法(机械挤压、微波、爆破等)、化学方法(稀酸处理、碱处理等)、生物方法(真菌生物预处理等)、离子液体法等。诸多研究表明:相对于常用的预处理方式,如粉碎、蒸汽爆破、酸碱处理及生物方法等6-9,高能辐照技术具有操作简单、破坏程度大、酶解转化率提升明显、反应条件温和、对环境友好等优势,目前已成为生物质高效利用过程中的有效物理预处理手段10。高能辐照处理对生物质材料的粒径也有一定的影响,在一定的吸收剂量范围内,小粒径的比重会随着吸收剂量而增大。Wu等11研究发现,稻草、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆经相同粉碎时间的粉碎处理后,其粒径r0.075 mm的颗粒均随着吸收剂量的增加而显著增加,其中,未经辐照处理和经1 000 kGy吸收剂量处理后的样品,其粒径r0.075 mm的颗粒的比率分别为3.64%9.83%和36.70%54.64%。唐洪涛等12研究发现,玉米秸秆经800 kGy辐照处理后,秸秆粒度r0.075 mm的颗粒占比由7.6%(