1、热带作物学报 2023,44(2):289-301 Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops 收稿日期 2022-06-21;修回日期 2022-07-26 基金项目 国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项(No.2018YFC1706700);广州市科技计划项目对外科技合作计划项目(No.201807010018)。作者简介 叶 宾(1997),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物种质资源利用与生物技术。*通信作者(Corresponding author):张志珂(ZHANG Zhike),E-mail:;王艳慧(WANG Yanhui),E-mail:。13 份
2、化橘红种质的鉴定研究 叶 宾1,黄洁文2,李 宇2,魏鸿瑶1,吴良肪1,丁 玙1,谷潇雨1,赵杰堂1,胡桂兵1,秦永华1,王艳慧2*,张志珂1*1.农业农村部华南地区园艺作物生物学和种质创制重点实验室/华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州 510642;2.广州市香雪制药股份有限公司,广东广州 510663 摘 要:为了有效地鉴定和区分化橘红种质,改善市场上橘红产品混乱的现状。本研究以 13 份化州当地不同产区的化橘红(大合黄绒、大合密叶、平定黄绒、平定密叶、平定红肉、山车正毛、带刺正毛、山车凤尾、山车副毛、山车假西洋、山车光青、平定金钱笃、平定实生梨)作为材料,通过植物学形态分析、干品化学成分分析
3、和分子标记分析,并对所得结果进行相关性分析。结果表明:正毛和非正毛种质在叶长、叶形指数、L*、a*和 b*及果形指数上有显著差异:正毛种质的叶形较非正毛的更细长,色差值的绝对值更大,其果型指数偏小,形状上更偏向高扁圆形,而非正毛种质更偏向球形;正毛与非正毛化橘红种质醇溶性浸出物的含量有显著差异,且绝大多数正毛化橘红的野漆树苷含量高于 5.00 mg/g,而二者的柚皮苷和水溶性浸出物均无显著差异;在遗传距离为 15 cM 时,ISSR 和 SRAP 分子标记能够将 13 份种质分成正毛 1 组和非正毛 3 组;当 P0.05 时,仅有果实形状、果型指数与野漆树苷和柚皮苷含量呈显著相关,水溶性浸出
4、物与 L*值呈显著正相关。结合 3 种鉴定结果表明,分子标记区分化橘红种质是最为可靠的,其次利用植物形态(花瓣长度、果实形状与果型指数)或化学成分(野漆树苷和醇浸出物含量)也能在一定程度上区分正毛和非正毛种质。关键词:化橘红;种质鉴定;植物学性状;化学成分;分子标记 中图分类号:S666.3 文献标识码:A The Identification Research on 13 Germplasms of Exocarpium Citrus Grandis YE Bin1,HUANG Jiewen2,LI Yu2,WEI Hongyao1,WU Liangfang 1,DING Yu1,GU Xi
5、aoyu1,ZHAO Jietang1,HU Guibing1,QIN Yonghua1,WANG Yanhui2*,ZHANG Zhike1*1.Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Ru-ral Affairs/College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;
6、2.Guangzhou Xiangxue Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510663,China Abstract:Exocarpium Citrus Grandis(ECG)is a medicinal plant of Citrus in Rutaceae.It is a medicine that has great effects.To distinguish the Zhengmao and Non-zhengmao germlplasms,13 ECG germplasms were selected,including Zh
7、engmao germplasms(Dahe huangrong,Dahe miye,Pingding huangrong,Pingding miye,Pingding hongrou,Shanche zhengmao and Shiwan zhengmao)and Non Zhengmao germplasms(Shanche fengwei,Shanche fumao,Shanche jiaxiyang,Shanche guangqing,Pingding jinqiandu,Pingding shishengli).The botanical morphological traits w
8、ere measured,active substances were analyzed,and molecular markers were carried by the ISSR and SRAP for distinguishing analysis.There were significant differences in length of leaf,leaf shape index,L*,a*and b*.The leaves of Zhengmao germplasms were slenderer than those of Non-zhengmao,the whole lea
9、f was whiter,greener and yel-290 热带作物学报 第 44 卷 lower.There were significant differences in fruit shape and the fruit shape index between Zhengmao germplasms and Non-Zhengmao germplasms.The content of rhubarb glycoside in most Zhengmao germplasms was higher than that of Non-zhengmao samples,except th
10、e Shanche fumao.The content of alcohol soluble extract was also significantly different between the germplasms.The clustering results of ISSR and SRAP showed that when the genetic distance of the two molecular markers was 15 cM,the 13 germplasms could be divided into one Zhengmao and three Non Zheng
11、mao groups.The correlation analysis between germplasm botany and medicinal components showed that,when P0.05,only the fruit shape and fruit shape index were significantly correlated with the content of wild rhubarb glyco-side and naringin,the water-soluble extract was significantly positively correl
12、ated with L*.To conclude,when combined with the three identification results,the molecular marker is the most reliable to distinguish the germplasm of ECG,the plant morphology(petal length,fruit shape and fruit shape index)or medicinal components(content of wild rhubarb glycoside and alcohol extract
13、)can also distinguish these germplasm to a certain extent.Keywords:Exocarpium Citrus Grandis;germplasm identification;btanical characters;chemical composition;molecular marker DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2023.02.008 化橘红为芸香科(Rutaceae)柑橘属(Citrus)化州柚(Citrus grandis Tomentosa)或柚Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck
14、的未成熟或近成熟的干燥外层果皮,通过清洗、杀青、烘干、修剪、陈放后得到。化橘红是一种广东省的道地药材,一般产自广东省化州市,因其含有丰富的二氢黄酮、野漆树苷、柚皮苷等成分,具有散寒燥湿、利气消疾、止咳化痰及健脾消食等功效,素有“南方人参”的美誉,随着产业的扩张,化橘红在市场上出现的问题也日益明显,以假充真、以次充好或产品标识不全的现象充斥在化橘红交易市场中。以化州当地果农的习惯,根据果实表面绒毛多少,可将化橘红品系分为 6 类:正毛、黄龙正毛、密叶正毛、副毛、假西洋、光青1。正毛化橘红与非正毛化橘红的种苗在外观形态上非常相似,运用传统的形态学方法很难加以区分。有研究证明毛橘红的药用价值更高2,
15、其售价也会更高,由于市场的不规范导致利用光橘红冒充毛橘红的现象出现。因此,如何对不同种质的化橘红进行辨别和分类,对于农户和市场来说都是一个亟需解决的问题3。能否通过多种手段对化州当地不同产区的正毛化橘红和非正毛化橘红进行鉴定和区分,相关文献中大多采用一种方法(如分子标记或形态学分析)进行鉴定。因此,本研究通过植物性状观察、结合化学分析成分以及利用分子标记技术对化州不同产地的 13 份化橘红材料进行种质鉴别,为更好地对不同种类的化橘红进行有效辨别和鉴定提供参考。1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 以化州当地传统分类的正毛化橘红(大合黄绒、大合密叶、平定黄绒、平定密叶、平定红肉、山车正毛、带刺正毛)和非
16、正毛化橘红(山车凤尾、山车副毛、山车假西洋、山车光青、平定金钱笃、平定实生梨)共 13 份化橘红种质作为供试材料,每种化橘红共收集健康且生长状况相近的花 30 朵、叶 15 片及大小相近的果实 10 个用作植物学性状特征的测定和分析,其中叶片采自树体上方每个春梢的前 15 片新叶,花主要采自树体上方每个春梢的前 110 朵花,果实主要采自树体下方生长较密集的区域;以其果实干品为材料进行药用成分的提取;以叶片作为材料提取 DNA,以供后续分子标记实验使用。1.2 方法 1.2.1 化橘红种质植物学特征性状的测定 本研究对化橘红种质植物学特征的测定主要参照柑橘种质资源描述规范(NY/T 29302016),对叶片进行叶形、叶长、叶宽、叶型指数、叶缘形状、翼叶长、翼叶宽、叶尖形状、翼叶形状、叶基形状和 L*、a*、b*等植物学特征性状进行测定。以叶型指数=叶长/叶宽的计算公式对叶型指数进行计算;用色差仪测定每片叶片的颜色;肉眼观察叶缘形状、叶基形状等其他植物学性状并记录;每个种质随机取其中 2 片叶片,拍摄其正反面。对化橘红种质的花瓣颜色、花瓣数量、花瓣长度、花瓣宽度、花形指数、花粉数量、花