1、中国国境卫生检疫杂志2023年2月第46卷第1期Chinese Frontier Health Quarantine Feb.2023,Vol 46,No.1Investigation on the pollution of aquatic products and its processedproducts in Cangzhou,2018-2020ZHANG Rui,WU Binglun,BI HongjieCenter for Disease Control and Prevention of Cangzhou City,Cangzhou,Hebei 061000,ChinaAbstra
2、ct:ObjectiveTo understand the pollution of pathogenic microorganisms and chemical pollutants in aquaticproducts and their products in Cangzhou city,and to provide data for food safety risk assessment.MethodsA totalof 1 266 aquatic products and their products were collected in Cangzhou,among them,1 1
3、44 samples were tested forpathogenicmicroorganismsaccordingtonationalstandard,includingVibrioparahaemolyticus,Salmonella,Listeriamonocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Hepatitis A virus,Norovius,Zarovirus and Hepatitis E virus.122 samples weretested for chemical contaminants refer to the national manua
4、l for risk monitoring of food pollution and harmfulfactors,including total arsenic,total mercury,lead,and pot.ResultsThe detection results of 1 266 aquatic productssamples showed that,in terms of pathogenic microorganisms,the positive rate of Vibrio prarahaemolyticus was thehighest(28.45%),followed
5、by Listera monocytogenes(4.00%),the positive rates of Salmonella and Staphylococcusaureus were 3.03%and 0.83%,respectively,no Hepatitis A virus,Norovirus,Zarovirus and Hepatitis E virus wasdetected positive.Among the aquatic products sampled at different stages,the positive rate of Vibrio parahaemol
6、yticusin the farm product market was the highest(68.09%).Restaurant(45.00%)was the next,and the positive rate ofsamples sold in breeding and supermarket was lower.There was significant difference(2=126.436,P0.01).Thedetection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest(55.20%)in the samples of a
7、quatic products in the thirdquarter,there was no significant difference in the detection rate of other pathogenic microorganisms in differentsampling places and seasons.Total arsenic,total mercury,lead,cadmium had been detected,in which total arsenic,cadmium exceeded standard,the exceeding rate were
8、 84.62%and 22.73%.ConclusionThe aquatic products and itsprocessed products in Cangzhou area were contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms and chemical pollutants.It isnecessary to carry out in-depth pollution control research and strengthen the necessary supervision.Keywords:Aquatic product;Microor
9、ganism;Chemical pollutant;Vibrio parahaemolyticus卫生监督20182020 年沧州地区水产品及其制品污染状况调查张瑞,吴秉伦,毕红杰沧州市疾病预防控制中心,河北 沧州061000摘要:目的了解沧州市水产品及其制品中致病微生物、化学污染物的污染状况,为食品安全风险评估提供数据支持。方法20182020年在沧州地区各县区的水产养殖场、农贸市场、超市及餐馆采集市售水产品及其制品1 266份,对其中1 144份样品参照国家标准检测8种病原微生物,主要包括副溶血性弧菌、沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、甲肝病毒、诺如病毒、札如病毒和戊肝病毒;1
10、22份样品参照国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册检测化学污染物,包括总砷、总汞、铅、镉。结果对1 266份水产品样品的检测显示,8种病原微生物中副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为28.45%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌次之,为4.00%;沙门菌及金黄色葡萄球菌检出率分别为3.03%和0.83%;未检出甲肝病毒、诺如病毒、札如病毒及戊肝病毒。在农贸市场采集的样品中副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为68.09%;其次是餐馆,为45.00%,养殖场和超市的样品检出率则较低,差异有统计学意义(2=126.436,P0.01)。第三季度样品副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为55.20%;其他病原微生物在不同采样场所和采样季度的检
11、出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。总砷、总汞、铅、镉均有检出,其中总砷、镉超标,超标率为84.62%和22.73%。结论沧州地区的水产品及其制品存在一定程度的病原微生物、化学污染物的污染,应开展深入的污染控制研究,加强监管。关键词:水产品;微生物;化学污染物;副溶血性弧菌中图分类号:R155.5文献标识码:ADOI:10.16408/j.1004-9770.2023.01.012基金项目:沧州市科技支撑计划项目(183302140)通信作者:张瑞,E-mail:53中国国境卫生检疫杂志2023年2月第46卷第1期Chinese Frontier Health Quarantine Feb.2
12、023,Vol 46,No.1表2不同场所的水产品及其制品中食源性病原微生物的检出Tab.2Detection of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic products and their processed products in differentsampling places病原微生物Pathogenicmicroorganism养殖场Breeding farm农贸市场Farm product market超市Supermarket餐馆Restaurant2值2valueP值P value检测份数检出份数检出率(%)检测份数检
13、出份数检出率(%)检测份数检出份数检出率(%)检测份数检出份数检出率(%)副溶血性弧菌9200.00946468.091291914.73401845.00126.4360.01沙门菌-5211.928322.413026.671.6760.05单核细胞增生李斯特菌-5723.518944.492913.450.1150.05金黄色葡萄球菌-3612.786700.001800.002.3810.05水产品味道鲜美、蛋白质丰富,是人类优质蛋白的重要来源1。但在养殖、运输、保存过程中极易污染变质2,存在较高的食品安全风险。应加大对水产品及其制品的监测力度,预防由其引发的严重食品安全事故。近年来在
14、我国频发的食品安全问题中,既涉及到微生物引起的食物中毒,也涉及到化学污染物引起的食物中毒3。食源性致病微生物可引起食源性疾病,重金属等化学污染物可在人体内蓄积,造成毒性作用,均严重影响人们健康,造成经济损失。为了解沧州地区水产品及其制品中致病微生物及化学污染物的污染状况,于20182020年对沧州地区水产品及其制品进行监测。1材料与方法1.1材料20182020年,依照国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册4,在沧州市区范围随机采集各主要水产养殖场、农贸市场、超市及中小餐馆销售的水产品及其制品,及时送检。1.2主要试剂甲型肝炎病毒、戊型肝炎病毒、札如病毒核酸实时荧光PCR检测试剂盒(北京卓诚惠
15、生),G、G型诺如病毒双重核酸检测试剂盒(深圳生科原)。1.3检验项目与方法1.3.1微生物检验项目沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、甲肝病毒、诺如病毒、札如病毒、戊肝病毒。按照GB 4789.12016食品安全国家标准5规定的方法进行检验。1.3.2理化检验项目总砷、总汞、铅、镉,按照国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册 的方法进行检验。1.4评价方法样本中检出污染物即判定为检出;超标判定参照GB 27622017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量6及NY 50732006无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量7。因方法受限,总砷使用无机砷限值评价。1.5统计方法采用S
16、PSS 22.0软件进行统计处理,计数资料采用Pearson卡方检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。对于小于检出限的数据按照检出限的1/2计算。2结果在沧州地区各县区的养殖场、农贸市场、超市及餐馆等采样点,共采集1 266份水产品及其制品,主要包括双壳贝类、预制水产品、冷冻鱼糜制品等。2.1致病性微生物的检测共检测1 144份样品,114份检出致病微生物,检出率为9.97%。其中甲肝病毒、诺如病毒、札如病毒及戊肝病毒均未检出。副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为28.45%(101/355),单核细胞增生李斯特菌次之,为4.00%(7/175)。见表1。2.1.1不同场所采集的样品的检出情况在农贸市场采集的样品中的副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,为68.09%(64/94);其次为餐馆,检出率45.00%(18/40),养殖场和超市的样品的副溶血性弧菌检出率则相对较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。见表2。表1水产品及其制品中食源性病原微生物的检出情况Tab.1Detection of food-borne pathogenic microorganismsin aquatic products a