1、2023 年第 38 卷 第1期2023,38(1):0147-0158地球物理学进展Progress in Geophysicshttp:/wwwprogeophyscnISSN 1004-2903CN 11-2982/P晁永胜,臧德福,姬勇力,等 2023 井间电磁探测接收的理论考察和实验研究 地球物理学进展,38(1):0147-0158,doi:10 6038/pg2023GG0236CHAO YongSheng,ZANG DeFu,JI YongLi,et al 2023 Theoretical investigation and experimental research on c
2、ross well EM reception Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),38(1):0147-0158,doi:10 6038/pg2023GG0236井间电磁探测接收的理论考察和实验研究Theoretical investigation and experimental research on cross well EM reception晁永胜1,2,臧德福1,姬勇力3,王华雄3,张庆乐3,纪祝华1,任燕敏1CHAO YongSheng1,2,ZANG DeFu1,JI YongLi3,WANG HuaXiong3,ZHANG QingLe3,JI
3、 ZhuHua1,EN YanMin1收稿日期2022-06-29;修回日期2022-11-25投稿网址http:/www progeophys cn基金项目国家自然科学基金项目“深海热液系统孔域原位多参数探测-观测装置”(42127807)、国家重点研发计划“城市地下空间精细探测技术与开发利用研究示范”(2019YFC0605101)和中国石化科研项目“井间电磁成像系统研制及其处理解释方法研究”(JP16027)联合资助第一作者简介晁永胜,男,1969 年生,硕士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事测井技术研究工作 E-mail:cys6910163 com1 中国石化经纬有限公司地质测控技术研究院
4、,青岛2660712 石大经纬产教融合研究院,青岛2665803 中国电子科技集团公司第 22 研究所,新乡4530031 GEO-MWD/LWD and Logging esearch Institute,SINOPEC MATIX Corp,Qingdao 266071,China2 UPC-Matrix esearch Institute on Industry-Education Integration,Qingdao 266580,China3 The 22nd esearch Institute of CETC,Xinxiang 453003,China摘要井间电磁测井技术测量井间
5、地层电磁波传播特性,通过正反演获得井间电阻率分布信息,由此揭示地层油气水的分布信息 井间电磁接收是井间电磁测井技术中一项重要内容,是开展井间电磁成像测井系统研制中必须攻克的难题之一 本文通过对比磁反馈与无磁反馈两种天线接收幅度与相位特性,发现磁反馈接收天线频带平稳无相位跳变点,相比无反馈天线具有明显优势 在磁反馈天线的基础上,本文分析不同天线磁芯、不同天线缠绕方式对天线幅频特性的响应,发现这些参数均对天线幅频特性有不同影响,为天线设计与研制提供参考设计参数 在接收天线研究的基础上,采用噪声匹配放大、1/f 滤波、工频压制、数字锁相放大、相敏检波等软硬件处理技术,进一步降低噪声,提高接收精度和灵
6、敏度 为有效开展井间同步发射与接收采集,采用高精度时间同步技术,提高同步与电磁波相位提取的精度 针对接收线路与系统中存在的误差,采用两距离井间电磁刻度方法进行压制 井间电磁接收样机研制完成后,分别在现场进行井下噪声测试、非金属套管井间、金属套管井间等系列井间电磁接AbstractThecrosswellelectromagneticloggingtechnologymeasurestheelectromagneticpropagationcharacteristics of the formation between wells,and obtainsthe cross well resist
7、ivity distribution information throughforward and reverse processing,so as to reveal thedistribution information of oil,gas and water in theformationCross well electromagnetic reception is animportantpartofcrosswellelectromagneticloggingtechnology,and it is one of the difficulties that must besolved
8、 in the development of cross well electromagneticimaging system By comparing the receiving amplitude andphase characteristicsofmagneticfeedbackandnon-magnetic feedback antennas,it is found that the magneticfeedback receiving antenna has a stable frequency bandand no phase jump point,which has obviou
9、s advantagesover the non feedback antenna Based on the magneticfeedback antenna,this paper analyzes the response ofdifferent cores and different winding methods of theantenna to the amplitude frequency characteristics It isfound that these parameters have different influences on theamplitude frequen
10、cy characteristics of the antenna,whichprovides reference parameters for the antenna design anddevelopment On the basis of the research of receivingantenna,software and hardware processing technologiessuch as noise matching amplification,1/f filtering,powerfrequency suppression,digital phase-locked
11、amplification,地球物理学进展www progeophys cn2023,38(1)收测量实验,研究与实验结果表明:本文所研究的井间电磁接收技术可实现 500 m 以上大井距和双层金属套管井间测量关键词井间电磁;磁反馈天线;时间同步;井间电磁刻度;数字信号处理中图分类号P631文献标识码Adoi:10 6038/pg2023GG0236phase sensitive detection are adopted to further reducenoise and improve receiving accuracy and sensitivity Inorder to effect
12、ively carry out cross well synchronoustransmission and receiving acquisition,high-precision timesynchronization technology is adopted to improve theaccuracy of synchronization and electromagnetic phaseextraction Aiming at the errors from the receiving circuitsand the system,the two spacing calibrati
13、on method isusedAfterthedevelopmentofthecrosswellelectromagnetic receiving prototype,a series of cross wellelectromagnetic receiving experiments such as downholenoise tests,nonmetal casing tests,metal casing tests werecarried out on site The research and experimental resultsshowthatthecrosswellelect
14、romagneticreceivingtechnology studied in this paper can realize the cross wellmeasurement of long spacing wells of more than 500 metersand double-layer metal casingKeywordsCross well EM;Magnetic feedback antenna;Time synchronization;Cross well EM calibration;Digitalsignal processing0引言井间电磁测井是在单井电磁法测
15、井基础上发展起来的测井方法,它将发射器置于一口井中向地层发射电磁波,而将接收器置于另一口或多口井中接收经地层传播过来的电磁波,通过对这些电磁波测量,并进行正反演和层析成像,得到反映井间或区域油藏构造和油气水分布的二维或三维电阻率(或电导率)图像,从而实现对井间或区域地层电特性的测量和描述,以此获取井间或区域油气水分布信息,用于研究油藏的构造和油气水的空间分布规律,揭示地下地质特性,提高油藏描述的精度井间电磁测量的主要难点有:(1)有限井孔内大功率电磁波远距离和过金属套管发射(Wu and Habashy,1994;Kim and Lee,2006;Gao et al,2008),为了保证电磁波
16、的大功率发射需要不断的增强发射能量,以保证电磁波穿透远距离地层和金属套管,但大功率的发射其有效发射能量受限于井孔中电缆的负载和发射天线尺寸限制无法大幅增加,目前最大发射磁矩在 12000 A m2左右(2)极微弱电磁信号的接收、提取及处理,井间电磁信号经过金属套管和远距离地层衰减,信号变得极其微弱,信号幅度一般在纳伏级,另外测量中的工频干扰等常常是有用信号的几百倍甚至上万倍,相比难以进一步提高的电磁波发射,井间电磁的接收变得尤为重要(3)快速井间电磁正反演(魏宝君等,1999;欧洋等,2019),如何在有限信息内,化解井间多解性,准确快速进行正反演获得井间电阻率分布信息,将直接影响到最终结果,是发射与接收技术研究之后另一个难点和关键技术20 世纪末,国外研究机构对井间电磁的测井原理以及正反演方法开展了一系列研究(Alumbaughand Morrison,1995)国内自 1997 年与国外合作,开展了井间电磁成像系统的应用研究,也取得了一些成果与进展(曾文冲等,2001)国外斯伦贝谢整合EMI 井间电磁测井系统形成 DEEP LOOKEM(Al-Aliet al,2009),并开始逐