1、325中国矫形外科杂志Orthopedic Journal of ChinaVol.31,No.4Feb.2023第 31 卷 第 4 期2 0 2 3 年 2 月临床论著胫骨平台骨折关节镜下复位内固定李璐兵1,李飞2,阿依丁2,韩然2*(1.成都市第七人民医院天府院区骨一科,四川成都 610203;2.新疆医科大学第六附属医院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002)摘要:目的探讨前外侧入路膝关节镜下复位内固定(arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation,ARIF)治疗胫骨平台骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析 2018 年 1 月2020 年 1 月,手术治疗的胫
2、骨平台骨折 95 例患者的临床资料。其中,49 例采用前外侧入路 ARIF 治疗,46 例常规切开复位内固定术(open reduction and internal fixation,ORIF)。比较两组围手术期情况,随访结果和影像资料。结果两组均顺利完成手术,无重要血管、神经、半月板等医源性损伤。ARIF 组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、透视次数、术后引流量、术后下地时间、住院时间和术后 3 d VAS 评分均显著优于 ORIF 组(P0.05)。两组患者术后均获随访 1224 个月,平均(16.53.6)个月。不良事件,ARIF 组为 1/49(2.0%),ORIF 组 8/46(17
3、.4%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ARIF 组术后完全负重时间显著早于 ORIF 组(P0.05)。术后 3 个月及末次随访时,ARIF 组的 HSS 评分、Lysholm 评分、Rasmussen 功能评分均显著高于 ORIF 组,膝关节活动最大屈曲及过伸 ROM 均显著高于 ORIF 组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。影像学方面,术后即刻及末次随访时 ARIF 组的 Rasmussen 解剖评分均显著高于 ORIF 组(P0.05)。与术前相比,术后即刻及末次随访时两组的关节面塌陷均显著降低(P0.05);但是术后即刻与未次随访时,ARIF 组的关节面塌陷显著小于 ORIF 组
4、(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜下复位内固定胫骨平台骨折的临床效果明显优于开放复位内固定。关键词:胫骨平台骨折,关节面塌陷,膝关节镜,内固定术中图分类号:R683.42文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-8478(2023)04-0325-06Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation for treatment of tibial plateau fractures/LI Lu-bing1,LI Fei2,A Yi-ding2,HANRan2.1.Department of Osteology,Tianfu Hospital,the Seventh P
5、eoples Hospital of Chengdu,Chengdu610203,China;2.The Sixth Affiliated Hospital,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi830002,ChinaAbstract:Objective To explore the clinical outcomes arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation(ARIF)through the anterolateralapproach for treatment of tibial plateau fractur
6、es.Methods A retrospective study was done on 95 patients who underwent surgical treatment for tibial plateau fractures from January 2018 to January 2020 in our hospital.Among them,49 patients receive ARIF through anterolateral approach,while the remaining 46 patients were treated with conventional o
7、pen reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)according tothe consequence of preoperative patient-doctor communication.The perioperative conditions,follow-up results and imaging data were compared between the two groups.Results All patients in both groups were successfully operated on without iatrogenic
8、injuries to importantblood vessels,nerves and meniscus.The ARIF group proved significantly superior to the ORIF group in terms of incision length,operativetime,intraoperative blood loss,frequency of fluoroscopy,postoperative drainage,time to return ambulation with crutches,hospital stay andVAS score
9、 3 days postoperatively(P0.05).All patients in both groups were followed up for 1224 months,with an average of(16.53.6)months.Adverse events were 1/49(2.0%)in the ARIF group,whereas 8/46(17.4%)in the ORIF group,which was statistically significant(P0.05).The ARIF group resumed full weight-bearing act
10、ivity significantly earlier than the ORIF group(P0.05).In addition,the ARIFgroup was significantly superior to the ORIF group in terms of HSS,Lysholm and Rasmussen function scores,as well as knee flexion and extension range of motions(ROMs)at 3 months and the latest follow-up(P0.05).Regarding to rad
11、iographic evaluation,the ARIF group hadsignificantly higher Rasmussen anatomical scores than the ORIF group immediately after surgery and at the latest follow-up(P0.05).Thearticular surface collapse was significantly reduced in both groups immediately after surgery and at the last follow-up compared
12、 with thosebefore operation(P0.05),whereas which in the ARIF group were significantly less than those in the ORIF group immediately after surgeryand at the latest follow-up(P0.05)。本研究获医院医学伦理委员会审批通过,所有患者均知情同意。1.3手术方法骨折局部肿胀消退后手术,均由同一主刀医师主刀完成手术。患者取仰卧位,患肢驱血后绑止血带(280300 mmHg),全身麻醉或腰硬联合麻醉下手术。ARIF 组:建立前外侧入
13、口,置入关节镜工作套筒,冲洗清除关节腔内积血,镜下探查关节腔内结构,有半月板损伤、前或后交叉韧带损伤等,先予以相应处理,尽量保留带关节面的结构。在 C 形臂 X线机辅助监视下,镜下观察关节面骨折状态,确认平台塌陷情况及塌陷骨折块位移情况等。用定位器顶端定位于关节面凹陷中心,定位器尾端定位于关节平面下 35 cm 胫骨结节的外下方,打入导针,于导针穿皮处行 24 cm 直切口,沿导针用空心钻建立至软骨下骨下 1 cm 左右的盲端骨隧道。经骨隧道置入复位撬棒,顶撑复位塌陷的胫骨平台,镜下观察与透视确认复位满意。经骨隧道植入自体髂骨或同种异体骨块,充分填充骨空腔,以克氏针临时固定。再次关节镜直视确认
14、骨折复位良好。扩大胫骨前外侧纵切口,置入锁定钢板,其近端平关节线稍下方,根据骨折程度经皮拧入适宜型号的螺钉进行固定。关节镜下清理软骨碎片、碎屑等,逐层缝合切口。ORIF 组:依据骨折实际情况,于胫骨上端前外侧、前内侧或前正中行 7.515 cm 切口,充分显露胫骨平台及胫骨上端,切开关节囊,上翻外侧半月板,在直视状态下复位关节面,骨膜下剥离骨折断端,复位骨折断端并以临时克氏针固定。植入自体髂骨或同种异体骨,再用锁定钢板固定,C 形臂 X 线机确认表 1两组患者术前一般资料与比较指标性别(例,男/女)年龄(岁,x s)骨折至手术时间(d,x s)致伤原因(例,车祸/坠落/其他)骨折侧别(例,左/
15、右)Schatzker 分型(例,/)合并半月板游离例(%)合并前交叉韧带撕脱例(%)合并内侧副韧带撕裂例(%)ARIF 组(n=49)30/1938.43.72.90.830/13/627/2223/18/87(14.3)5(10.2)5(10.2)ORIF 组(n=46)33/1337.23.52.60.828/15/325/2125/17/46(13.0)6(13.0)2(4.4)P 值0.2790.1150.1680.5720.9410.5090.9590.6850.187327中国矫形外科杂志Orthopedic Journal of ChinaVol.31,No.4Feb.2023
16、第 31 卷 第 4 期2 0 2 3 年 2 月关节面及骨折复位满意,内固定物位置满意。切口留置引流管,逐层缝合切口。术后患肢加压包扎 24 h 并抬高,24 h 后拔除引流管,常规抗感染治疗 24 h。定期复查 X 线片,视骨折愈合情况逐步开展膝关节主、被动活动,术后48 周可扶拐下地活动。1.4评价指标记录两组围手术期指标。临床状态评定采用完全负重活动时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analoguescale,VAS)、美国特殊外科医院(Hospital for SpecialSurgery,HSS)膝评分、Lysholm 评分和屈曲与过伸膝关节主动活动度(range of motion,ROM)以及 Rasmussen 功能评分(包括:疼痛 6 分、行走能力 6 分、伸膝 6 分、总活动度 6 分、稳定性 6 分,满分为 30分)10。行影像检查,骨折复位质量评价采用 Rasmussen 解剖评分(包括:压缩程度 6 分、髁宽度 6分和成角 6 分,满分为 18 分)10。测量胫骨平台塌陷值,计算胫骨平台高度变化差,即末次随访平台塌陷-术后即刻平台塌陷,2.0 mm 判定