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全国名中医治疗慢性肾炎“症-证-药”规律分析_谭丹妮.pdf

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1、88第25 卷 第 2 期 2023 年 2 月辽 宁 中 医 药 大 学 学 报JOURNAL OF LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF TCMVol.25 No.2 Feb.,2023全国名中医治疗慢性肾炎“症-证-药”规律分析谭丹妮1,喻嵘1,2,谭艳1,史留阳1,肖凡1,刘秀1,2,向琴1(1.湖南中医药大学,湖南 长沙 410208;2.中医方证研究转化医学湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410208)基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1704300)作者简介:谭丹妮(1996-),女,重庆人,硕士在读,研究方向:仲景杂病证治及经方应用基础研究。通讯作者:喻嵘

2、(1969-),女,湖南长沙人,教授,博士,研究方向:糖尿病及其并发症的中医药防治研究。摘要:目的 基于数据挖掘技术从“症-证-药”角度探究全国名中医治疗慢性肾炎的证治用药规律,为中医药治疗慢性肾炎提供依据。方法 以名老中医的姓名和“慢性肾炎”为检索词,以作者和题名为检索字段,以中国知网数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学数据库、维普期刊上已公开发表的文献为基础,收集各位名中医大家治疗慢性肾炎的医案,建立文献数据库,运用频数统计、关联规则分析和聚类分析等数据挖掘方法分析慢性肾炎的症状、证候及用药规律。结果 四诊频次统计症状以腰酸、乏力、腰痛为主;舌象多见淡舌、淡红舌、黯舌;舌苔多见腻苔、黄苔、薄白

3、苔;脉象多见细脉、沉脉;证型以下焦湿热证、脾肾两虚证、肾阴虚证、脾气虚证、脾肾阳虚证为主,病位证素以肾、脾为主,病性证素以阳虚、气虚以及湿热为主;治法以清热利湿、益气滋阴、温补肾阳、健脾利水为主。治疗慢性肾炎涉及中药267味,用药功效以利水渗湿为最,其次为利水消肿、清热解毒、健脾等;用药频次最高的为茯苓,其次为黄芪、泽泻、白术、山药、党参、甘草、白茅根等。症状聚类以阳虚证与气虚证症状为主,药物聚类主要以补气方、补肾阴方及活血方组合为主。结论 在研究纳入的143例医案症状-证型-治法-用药规律中,慢性肾炎以气虚、阳虚症状多见,但用药多以利水为主而并非补肾药,体现了从“肾主水”论治慢性肾炎的特点。

4、关键词:全国名中医;慢性肾炎;症-证-药;数据挖掘中图分类号:R287 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-842X (2023)02-0088-07Analysis of“Symptoms-Syndromes-Medicine”Laws of Famous Chinese Medicines in Treating Chronic Nephritis TAN Danni1,YU Rong1,2,TAN Yan1,SHI Liuyang1,XIAO Fan1,LIU Xiu1,2,XIANG Qin1(1.Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medi

5、cine,Changsha 410208,Hunan,China;2.Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine,Changsha 410208,Hunan,China)Abstract:Objective Based on data mining technology from the“symptoms-syndromes-medicine”point of view to explore the national famous traditional Chinese medici

6、ne treatment of chronic nephritis medication rule,provide the basis for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic nephritis.Methods With the name of famous TCM doctors and“chronic nephritis”as the search term,the author and title as the search field,and based on the published literature in C

7、NKI database,WanFang database,Chinese biomedical database and VIP journals,the medical records of each TCM doctor in the treatment of chronic nephritis were collected,and the literature database was established.Frequency statistics,association rule analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze

8、the symptoms,syndromes and medication rules of chronic nephritis.Results The statistical symptoms of four diagnostic frequency were mainly lumbar acid,fatigue and low back pain.Tongue was common pale tongue,pale red tongue,dark tongue;tongue moss common greasy moss,yellow moss,thin white moss;pulse

9、was more common fine veins,deep veins;the following syndromes were mainly syndrome of dampness-heat due to energizer,syndrome of deficiency of both spleen and kidney,syndrome of kidney Yin deficiency,syndrome of spleen Qi deficiency and syndrome of Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney.The syndrome e

10、lements of disease location were mainly kidney and spleen.The syndrome elements of disease nature were mainly syndrome of Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency and dampness-heat.The main treatment methods were clearing heat and removing dampness,tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin,warming kidney Yang,invigorati

11、ng spleen and removing water.The treatment of chronic nephritis involves 267 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine,and the efficacy of water and dampness was the most,followed by water and swelling,heat and detoxification,and spleen.The highest frequency of drug use was Fuling(Poria),followed by Hua

12、ngqi(Astragali Radix),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma),Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma),Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma)and Baimaogen(Imperatae Rhizoma),etc.Symptom clusters were mainly Yang deficiency syndrome and Qi deficiency syndrome,

13、and drug clusters were mainly composed of tonifying Qi,tonifying kidney Yin and activating blood.Conclusion In the 143 cases included in this study,the symptoms of chronic nephritis are mainly Qi deficiency and Yang deficiency,but the medication is mainly based on diuresis rather than tonifying kidn

14、ey medicine,which reflects the characteristics of treating chronic nephritis from“kidney controls water metabolism”.Keywords:national famous traditional Chinese physician;chronic nephritis;symptoms-syndromes-medicine;data mining methodDOI:10.13194/j.issn.1673-842x.2023.02.01989 25 卷 辽宁中医药大学学报 慢性肾炎(c

15、hronic nephritis)属慢性肾小球肾炎,临床以水肿、高血压、蛋白尿、血尿和肾功能损害为基本表现,其病情迁延,病变缓慢进展,可伴有不同程度肾功能减退。25%50%的慢性肾炎患者在确诊后20年内可发展为终末期肾脏病,其发病率与地区和种族有关,其中亚洲慢性肾炎发病率占肾小球疾病60%1-2。目前西医治疗慢性肾炎疗程较长,主要使用皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂以及环磷酰胺等,然而长期使用这些药物存在潜在不良反应3。中医治疗慢性肾炎历史久长,其可归属于中医学“水肿”“淋证”“尿浊”“癃闭”“关格”等疾病范畴。现代中医大家遵从“法乎古而衡于今”的原则,在前人经验基础上,据今时之

16、人体质、环境等特点,对慢性肾炎辨证而新治,有诸多值得学习与借鉴之处。章太炎老先生说:“中医之成绩,医案最著,欲求前人之经验心得,医案最有线索可寻”4。因而,向医学名家学习,采众家之长,融会贯通,甚为重要。本研究拟将国医大师及全国名老中医诊疗慢性肾炎的相关文献加以归纳整理,运用现代化数据挖掘技术进行分析,总结其症状、证候及用药规律,以期能为临床诊疗慢性肾炎及其处方用药提供借鉴。1资料与方法1.1 资料来源本研究所选医案均为1949年以来各国医大师及全国名老中医力作,以国家中医药管理局认定的第13批国医大师以及首批全国名中医学术经验工作者与指导者的临床医案为研究对象;以每位医者姓名和“慢性肾炎”为检索词,作者和题名为检索字段;以中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学数据库、维普期刊上已公开发表的文献为基础;检索19842020年所有相关文献,得到医案及处方187例(首);选择符合纳入标准医案及处方143例(首),建立全国名中医治疗慢性肾炎经验文献数据库。1.2 文献纳入标准慢性肾炎诊断明确;医案、方药、辨证分型等记录完整;疗效判断为有效;多次复诊,则取其首诊处方纳入。1.3 文献排除标准科普类

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