1、-25-Chinese and Foreign Medical Research Vol.21,No.11 April,2023中外医学研究第 21 卷 第 11 期(总第 559 期)2023 年 4月临床与实践 Linchuangyushijian泉州市正骨医院福建泉州362000通信作者:吴志强半椎板减压椎间植骨融合内固定治疗腰椎管狭窄症的效果许志强吴志强赖展龙【摘要】目的:探讨半椎板减压椎间植骨融合内固定治疗腰椎管狭窄症的效果。方法:选择泉州市正骨医院 2020 年3 月2021 年 3 月收治的 55 例腰椎管狭窄症患者,按照随机数表法分为观察组(n=28)和对照组(n=27),对照
2、组予以全椎板减压椎间植骨融合内固定治疗,观察组予以半椎板减压椎间植骨融合内固定治疗,观察两组手术情况、减压效果、腰椎恢复情况、植骨融合率及并发症发生率。结果:观察组手术时间、初次下床时间、住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,观察组硬膜囊横断面积(DSCA)、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI)评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,观察组植骨融合率(42.86%、64.29%、75.00%)高于对照组(14.81%、37.04%、48.1
3、5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(7.14%)低于对照组(33.33%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:半椎板减压椎间植骨融合内固定治疗腰椎管狭窄症有助于减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,促进腰椎功能改善,提高植骨融合率,加快患者康复,降低并发症发生率。【关键词】腰椎管狭窄症半椎板减压全椎板减压内固定腰椎功能植骨融合doi:10.14033/ki.cfmr.2023.11.007 文献标识码B 文章编号1674-6805(2023)11-0025-04Effect of Half Laminectomy,Intervertebral Bone Graft Fus
4、ion and Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/XU Zhiqiang,WU Zhiqiang,LAI Zhanlong./Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2023,21(11):25-28AbstractObjective:To investigate the effect of half laminectomy,intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixati in the treatment of lu
5、mbar spinal stenosis.Method:A total of 55 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis admitted to Quanzhou Bone setting Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected.According to the random number table method,they were divided into observation group(n=28)and control group(n=27).The control group wa
6、s treated with total laminectomy,intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation,while the observation group was treated with half laminectomy,intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation.The surgical situation,decompression effect,lumbar recovery,bone graft fusion rate,and complica
7、tion rate of the two groups were observed.Result:The operation time,initial time of getting out of bed,and hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the amount of intraoperative bleeding in the observation group was less than that in the control g
8、roup,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).At 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation,dural sac cross-sectional area(DSCA),visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Oswestry disability index(ODI)score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the d
9、ifferences were statistically significant(P0.05).At 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation,the fusion rate of bone graft in the observation group(42.86%,64.29%,75.00%)were higher than those in the control group(14.81%,37.04%,48.15%),the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The to
10、tal incidence of complications in the observation group(7.14%)was lower than that in the control group(33.33%),the difference was statistically significant(P0.05),有可比性。本研究已取得医院医学伦理委员会批准,获得患者及家属同意并签署知情同意书。1.2方法两组均由同一组医生进行手术。入室后,患者采用全身麻醉,取俯卧位,腰背部正中为手术部位。使用手术刀沿病变节段棘突一次切开皮肤及皮下组织,暴露棘突,剥离椎旁肌,显露关节突。将定位针插入病
11、变节段的上下椎体中,通过 X 线透视确认定位针位置,准确定位病变椎体,正确放置椎弓根螺钉。对照组予以切除病变明显的双侧椎板、对应椎管棘突、棘突韧带、黄韧带、关节突等组织,扩大减压神经根管,缓解神经根的压迫。观察组予以切除病变明显的半椎板,并以棘突根和椎弓根作为切除范围,切除游离突出的椎间盘,扩张外侧隐窝和神经根管,达到神经根减压目的。之后进行腰椎椎体间植骨融合内固定术,切除椎板露出硬膜囊,牵拉硬膜囊,露出椎间盘,及时电凝止血,将取出的自体骨组织经处理按要求放回椎间盘间隙和椎间笼内,进行椎间融合。常规安装椎弓根螺钉内固定系统,锁定所有部件,X 线透视证实内固定位置得当,椎体序列正确,曲度满意,植
12、骨充分。将剩余的自体骨颗粒放入,进行后外骨融合。常规在切口放入引流管,逐层缝合切口,覆盖无菌敷料。术后两组均予以常规负压引流、抗生素抗感染、腰椎功能训练等治疗和干预。两组均随访观察至术后 6 个月。1.3观察指标及评价标准观察两组手术情况、减压效果、腰椎恢复情况、植骨融合率及并发症发生率。(1)手术情况:统计两组手术时间、术中出血量、初次下床时间、住院时间。(2)减压效果:术前及术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,两组减压效果均采用 MRI 检查测量硬膜囊横断面积(DSCA)进行评估,DSCA 越小,代表减压效果越好。(3)腰椎恢复情况:术前及术后1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,采用疼痛视觉模拟
13、评分法(VAS)评估两组腰椎疼痛情况,该评分共 10 分,分值越高,疼痛越剧烈5;采用 Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI)评估两组腰椎功能,该量表共 45 分,分值越高,腰椎功能越差6。(4)植骨融合率:术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,统计两组植骨融合率,其中植骨融合是指 X 线片显示骨小梁清晰穿过椎间隙,侧位、过伸、过屈位中融合节段间的角度变化4,椎体交界面与融合器透光性不明显7。(5)并发症发生率:随访期间,观察两组局部血肿、脂肪液化渗出、下肢静脉血栓、下肢麻木发生情况。1.4统计学处理数据录入 SPSS 22.0 软件中进行分析,计量资料以(x-s)表示,采用 t 检验,计数资
14、料以率(%)表示,采用 2检验,以 P0.05 为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组手术情况比较观察组手术时间、初次下床时间、住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,观察组DSCA 低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,两组 VAS 评分、ODI 评分均较术前降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表 3。表1两组手术情况比较(x-s)组别手术时间(min)术中出血量(mL)初次下床时间(h)住院时间(d)观察组(n=28)117.6522.86175.6541
15、.0527.696.276.982.14对照组(n=27)132.0725.10202.0134.1633.709.409.303.25t 值2.2292.5842.7973.144P 值0.0300.0130.0070.003表2两组术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月减压效果比较mm2,(x-s)组别术前术后 1 个月术后 3 个月术后 6 个月观察组(n=28)55.827.20127.2110.95*120.099.54*111.9710.05*对照组(n=27)53.239.18136.5213.86*128.4610.89*120.2112.19*t 值1.1722.7713.0352
16、.739P 值0.2460.0080.0040.008*表示与本组术前比较,P0.05。表3两组术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月腰椎恢复情况比较分,(x-s)组别VAS 评分ODI 评分术前术后 1 个月术后 3 个月术后 6 个月术前术后 1 个月术后 3 个月术后 6 个月观察组(n=28)6.611.342.390.68*1.350.62*0.930.26*27.325.6812.252.13*10.612.22*7.041.87*对照组(n=27)6.041.512.880.51*1.850.60*1.150.36*27.925.7114.813.48*13.523.18*9.042.14*t 值1.4833.0442.9982.5830.3933.310 3.9523.693P 值0.1440.0040.0040.0130.6960.0020.0010.001*表示与本组术前比较,P0.05。2.4两组术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月植骨融合率比较术后 1 个月、3 个月、6 个月,观察组的植骨融合率(42.86%、64.29%、75.00%)高于对照组(14.81%、37