1、癌症进展2023 年 3 月第 21 卷第 6 期ONCOLOGY PROGRESS,Mar 2023 V ol.21,No.6*论著*奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨新辅助化疗在局部进展期低位直肠癌中的奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨新辅助化疗在局部进展期低位直肠癌中的应用效果应用效果李守帅1,田立民1,庄坤2,刘家铭2#西安市中心医院1普外三科,2消化内科,西安 7100040 0摘要摘要:目的目的探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨新辅助化疗在局部进展期低位直肠癌中的应用效果。方法方法将80例局部进展期低位直肠癌患者按化疗方案的不同分为对照组与观察组,每组40例。对照组患者接受奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+5-氟尿嘧啶(FOLFOX
2、6)方案新辅助化疗,观察组患者接受奥沙利铂+卡培他滨(XELOX)方案新辅助化疗。比较两组患者预后情况、血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平、免疫功能指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+)、不良反应发生情况。结果结果随访1年,观察组患者临床转移率低于对照组,总生存率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗后,两组患者CEA、CA125、CA19-9水平均明显降低,且观察组患者 CEA、CA125、CA19-9水平均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。化疗后,两组患者CD3+、CD4+水平均明显升高,CD8+水
3、平均明显降低,且观察组患者CD3+、CD4+水平均明显高于对照组,CD8+水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组患者不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论结论奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨新辅助治疗局部进展期低位直肠癌,可有效增强患者的免疫力,消除肿瘤细胞,同时还能降低不良反应发生率,安全性较高,有助于改善预后。关键词关键词:奥沙利铂;卡培他滨;新辅助化疗;局部进展期;低位直肠癌中图分类号中图分类号:R R735735.3 3+7 7文献标志码文献标志码:AdoiAdoi:10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2023.21.06.20App
4、lication effect of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine neoadjuvantApplication effect of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine neoadjuvantchemotherapy in locally advanced low rectal cancerchemotherapy in locally advanced low rectal cancerLI Shoushuai1,TIAN Limin1,ZHUANG Kun2,LIU Jiaming2#1Third D
5、epartment of General Surgery,2Department of Gastroenterology,Xi an Central Hospital,Xi an 710004,Shaanxi,ChinaAbstractAbstract:ObjectiveObjectiveTo investigate the application effect of oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine neoadjuvantchemotherapy in locally advanced low rectal cancer.MethodMethodA
6、 total of 80 patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer were divided into control group and observation group according to different chemotherapy regimens with 40 cases ineach group.The control group received oxaliplatin+leucovorin+5-fluorouracil(FOLFOX6)regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and th
7、e observation group received oxaliplatin+capecitabine(XELOX)regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Theprognosis,serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)levels,immune function indexes(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+),and adverse reactions were compa
8、red betweenthe two groups.ResultResultFollowed-up for 1 year,the clinical metastasis rate of the observation group was lower than thatof the control group,and the overall survival rate was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).After the chemo
9、therapy,the levels of CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 in the two groups were significantly decreased,and the levels of the above indicators in the observation group were significantly lower than those inthe control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.01).After the chemotherapy,the level
10、s of CD3+and CD4+in the two groups were significantly increased,and the levels of CD8+were significantly decreased,moreover,the levels of CD3+and CD4+in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and thelevel of CD8+in the observation group was significantly lowe
11、r than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.01).The total incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in thecontrol group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).ConclusionConclusionOxaliplatin combined withcapec
12、itabine in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced low rectal cancer could effectively enhance the immunityof patients and eliminate tumor cells.At the same time,it would also reduce the risk of adverse reactions with high safetyand do help improve the prognosis.Key wordsKey words:oxaliplatin;
13、capecitabine;neoadjuvant chemotherapy;locally advanced;low rectal cancerOncol Prog,2023,21(6)#通信作者(corresponding author),邮箱:663癌症进展2023年3月第21卷第6期低位直肠癌指的是与肛门距离较近(5 cm内)的直肠癌,近几年在中国的发病率呈逐年增长的趋势,且多为年轻患者1。目前临床主要采用手术治疗该病,但该病早期临床症状无特异性,部分患者确诊时病情已达到局部进展期,单纯手术治疗较难完全切除病灶,治疗效果不甚理想,且术后患者生存率较低2。新辅助化疗是手术治疗前所开展的全身
14、化疗,目的在于缩小肿瘤病灶,稳定病情,从而提升患者的手术治疗效果,改善预后3。但就目前而言,临床对于局部进展期低位直肠癌化疗方案的选择仍存在一定争议,其中奥沙利铂、亚叶酸钙与 5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗方案是美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)指南推荐用于治疗结直肠癌的首选方案,但该方案对机体伤害较大,化疗后易引发大量不良反应4。奥沙利铂和卡培他滨均属于广谱化疗药物,前者为第三代铂类抗肿瘤药物,在化疗过程中具有较高的安全性;后者为新型氟尿嘧啶抗肿瘤药物,在杀灭肿瘤细胞方面可发挥显著作用5。基于此,本研究探讨卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂新
15、辅助化疗在局部进展期低位直肠癌中的应用效果,现报道如下。1 1资料与方法资料与方法1 1.1 1 一般资料一般资料收集 2018 年 1 月至 2021 年 1 月西安市中心医院收治的局部进展期低位直肠癌患者的病历资料。纳入标准:符合 中国结直肠癌诊疗规范(2017 年版)6中的相关诊断标准;手术病理检查确诊为直肠癌;TNM 分期为期;CT 或 MRI检查明确病灶下缘处于腹膜反折下方;年龄 1880 岁。排除标准:既往接受过新辅助化疗;存在化疗禁忌证;对卡培他滨、奥沙利铂过敏。根据纳入、排除标准,共纳入 80 例低位直肠癌患者,按化疗方案的不同分为对照组和观察组,每组 40例。对照组患者接受奥
16、沙利铂+亚叶酸钙+5-氟尿嘧啶(FOLFOX6)方案新辅助化疗,观察组患者接受奥沙利铂+卡培他滨(XELOX)方案新辅助化疗。两组患者性别、年龄、TNM 分期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)(表 1),具有可比性。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准通过,所有患者均知情同意。1 1.2 2 治疗方法治疗方法对照组采用FOLFOX6方案化疗。第1天奥沙利铂85 mg/m2静脉滴注2 h,亚叶酸钙400 mg/m2静脉滴注 2 h,5-氟尿嘧啶400 mg/m2静脉滴注 2 h,并持续静脉滴注46 h 5-氟尿嘧啶2400 mg/m2,14天为1个周期。观察组采用XELOX方案化疗。第1天奥沙利铂 130 mg/m2静脉滴注 3 h;第 114 天卡培他滨1250 mg/m2口服,每天 2 次,休息 1 周,21 天为 1 个周期。两组患者均持续化疗2个周期。1 1.3 3 观察指标观察指标随访 1 年,记录两组患者的局部复发率、临床转移率及总生存率。于化疗前和化疗 2 个周期后采集两组患者 6 ml 空腹静脉血,分别置于干燥试管和抗凝试管(抗凝剂:乙二胺四乙酸)中,以2000 r/min 的