1、癌症进展2023 年 2 月第 21 卷第 3 期ONCOLOGY PROGRESS,Feb 2023 V ol.21,No.3*论著*高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值思雨1,张建超1,魏华2#1榆林市第二医院超声科,陕西 榆林 7190002延安市中医医院超声科,陕西 延安 7160000摘要摘要:目的目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值。方法方法对200例乳腺癌患者均开展常规超声和高频彩色多普勒超声检查,将病理检查结果作为金标准,比较两种检查方法的诊断效能,并比较乳腺癌良恶性腋窝淋巴结的高频彩色
2、多普勒超声声像特征、信号分布情况及血流分级。结果结果病理检查结果显示,腋窝淋巴结良性患者120例,恶性患者80例。高频彩色多普勒超声诊断恶性腋窝淋巴结患者的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度均高于常规超声。病理检查结果显示腋窝淋巴结共230枚,其中良性130枚,恶性100枚。恶性腋窝淋巴结皮质为偏心增厚、长短径比值2.0、融合、有钙化斑的比例均明显高于良性腋窝淋巴结,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。恶性腋窝淋巴结信号分布为周边型及血流分级为级的比例均高于良性腋窝淋巴结,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论结论高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌恶性腋窝淋巴结的灵敏度、特异度均较高,不仅
3、能提高患者的诊断准确度,还能及时明确腋窝淋巴结的声像特征及血流信号分布情况,临床应用价值较高。关键词关键词:高频彩色多普勒超声;乳腺癌;腋窝淋巴结;良恶性中图分类号中图分类号:R R737737.9 9文献标志码文献标志码:AdoiAdoi:10.11877/j.issn.1672-1535.2023.21.03.21Diagnostic value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in benign andDiagnostic value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in beni
4、gn andmalignant axillary lymph nodes of breast cancermalignant axillary lymph nodes of breast cancerSI Yu1,ZHANG Jianchao1,WEI Hua2#1Department of Ultrasound,Yulin No.2 Hospital,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China2Department of Ultrasound,Yan an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yan an 716000,Shaanxi,
5、ChinaAbstractAbstract:ObjectiveObjectiveTo investigate the value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of benignand malignant axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer.MethodMethodA total of 200 breast cancer patients were selected and received routine ultrasound and high frequency
6、 color Doppler ultrasound examination;the pathological results were used asthe gold standard to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the two methods,and the acoustic characteristics,signal distribution and blood flow grading of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in the benign and malignant axil
7、lary lymph nodesof breast cancer were compared.ResultResultPathological results showed there were 120 patients with benign axillarylymph nodes and 80 patients with malignant axillary lymph nodes.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of high freq
8、uency color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing malignant axillarylymph nodes patients were significantly higher than the routine ultrasound.The pathological examination showed a totalof 230 axillary lymph nodes,with 130 benign and 100 malignant nodes.The proportion of eccentric thickened cortex,ratio
9、of long/short diameter2.0,fusion and calcification plaques in malignant axillary lymph nodes were significantly higher than those in benign axillary lymph nodes(P0.01);the proportion of peripheral signal distribution and grade III bloodflow in malignant axillary lymph nodes were higher than those in
10、 benign axillary lymph nodes(P2.02.0融合状融合不融合钙化斑有无注:*与良性比较,P0.01良性n=130,n(%)30(23.08)85(65.38)15(11.54)90(69.23)40(30.77)25(19.23)105(80.77)15(11.54)115(88.46)恶性n=100,n(%)10(10.00)*38(38.00)*52(52.00)*35(35.00)65(65.00)60(60.00)40(40.00)70(70.00)30(30.00)2值44.82226.69340.32382.913P值0.0000.0000.0000.0
11、00318ONCOLOGY PROGRESS,Feb 2023 V ol.21 No.33 3讨讨论论乳腺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病后若不能及时治疗,待疾病发展至一定程度,将会出现腋窝淋巴结转移,从而累及周边正常组织,最终引发全身性病变,威胁患者的生命安全6-7。因此,只有尽早对其进行检查,并明确腋窝淋巴结的良恶性,才能更好地为患者开展针对性治疗,从而提高其临床疗效8-9。既往临床主要采用常规超声对该病进行检查,虽能确认患者患有乳腺癌,但较难明确其腋窝淋巴结转移情况,整体作用有限10-12。高频彩色多普勒超声的空间分辨率和血流显示的敏感性较高,可为乳腺癌患者提供更为清晰的腋窝淋巴结声像学
12、形态、回声及血流信号情况,在腋窝淋巴结定性诊断中可发挥至关重要的作用13-15。本研究结果显示,高频彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺癌恶性腋窝淋巴结患者的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度均高于常规超声。结果表明,高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性诊断中灵敏度和特异度较高,对其开展高频彩色多普勒超声检查,可有效提高其诊断准确度。进一步研究发现,恶性腋窝淋巴结的高频彩色多普勒超声声像特征以偏心增厚皮质、长短径比值2.0、淋巴结融合、有钙化斑为主;良性腋窝淋巴结的声像特征以向心增厚皮质、长短径比值2.0、淋巴结不融合、无钙化斑为主。提示恶性腋窝淋巴结皮质多出现偏心的情况,且相互融合,有钙
13、化斑。究其原因,乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结一旦出现转移的情况,肿瘤细胞将会破坏其皮质、包膜和髓质,导致其正常结构受损,再加上肿瘤细胞的侵犯,恶性淋巴结还有可能出现分裂增殖的情况,随后完全被肿瘤组织取代,导致原结构层次出现变化16-18。本研究中,恶性腋窝淋巴结的血流信号分布以周边型为主,良性腋窝淋巴结以门型为主;恶性腋窝淋巴结血流分级多为级,良性腋窝淋巴结的血流分级多为级。提示恶性腋窝淋巴结血流信号丰富,其分布类型多为周边型。分析原因主要是因为,腋窝淋巴结受到肿瘤细胞侵犯后会释放出大量血管生成因子,有助于进一步加快乳腺癌内新生血管的生成速度,进而增加血管数量19-20。另外,腋窝淋巴结转移过程中,
14、乳腺癌细胞也会出现大量增殖的情况,进而导致皮质增厚,提高异常肿瘤血管的生成率,血管走行逐渐狭窄或迂曲,最终导致血管呈现周边型分布的现象21-22。综上所述,针对乳腺癌患者,采用高频彩色多普勒超声进行检查,一方面能够提升诊断准确度,另一方面还能及时明确腋窝淋巴结的声像特征及血流信号分布情况,进而明确疾病严重程度,为后续治疗提供更为科学的参考依据。参参 考考 文文 献献1 Wang J,Ben Z,Gao S,et al.The role of ultrasound elastography and virtual touch tissue imaging in the personalizedp
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