1、 精 密 成 形 工 程 第 15 卷 第 4 期 112 JOURNAL OF NETSHAPE FORMING ENGINEERING 2023 年 4 月 收稿日期:20221224 Received:2022-12-24 基金项目:河北省创新能力提升计划项目(225A2201D)Fund:Hebei Province Innovation Capacity Improvement Program(225A2201D)作者简介:赵妍洁(1998),女,硕士生,主要研究方向为精密塑性成形技术。Biography:ZHAO Yan-jie(1998-),Female,Postgraduate
2、,Research focus:precision plastic forming technology.通讯作者:高颖(1973),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为材料成型及计算机仿真。Corresponding author:GAO Ying(1973-),Female,Doctor,Associate professor,Research focus:material forming and computer simulation.引文格式:赵妍洁,高颖,高静娜,等.高强钢变厚板汽车 B 柱热成形数值模拟及主要参数分析J.精密成形工程,2023,15(4):112-120.ZHAO Ya
3、n-jie,GAO Ying,GAO Jing-na,et al.Numerical Simulation and Main Parameters of Hot Forming of B-pillar of High-strength Steel Variable-thickness PlatesJ.Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2023,15(4):112-120.高强钢变厚板汽车 B 柱热成形数值模拟及 主要参数分析 赵妍洁1,高颖1,高静娜1,刘凯源1,张双杰1,2,朱庆齐3(1.河北科技大学 a.材料科学与工程学院 b.河北省材料近净成
4、形技术重点实验室,石家庄 050018;2.河北省精密冲裁工艺与模具工程技术研究中心,河北 沧州 061500;3.保定市精工汽车模具技术有限公司,河北 保定 071000)摘要:目的目的 研究热成形过程中冲压件温度场、应力场的变化规律,探究主要工艺参数对冲压件成形的影响规律。方法方法 利用 Abaqus 软件建立热力耦合模型,对汽车 B 柱的热冲压成形过程进行数值模拟,分析板料及模具的温度和应力变化,确定主要工艺参数对冲压件的影响规律,利用得到的规律指导 B 柱模具的设计与制造,最后对 B 柱进行冲压试验。结果结果 在热成形前的物料转移阶段,板材厚度差的存在使过渡区产生了温度梯度和内应力的变
5、化;在热成形阶段,以减薄率为评判标准,确定了摩擦因数为 0.35、冲压速度为100 mm/s 时 B 柱的成形效果最好;对 B 柱的成形结果进行了分析,由局部减薄率的变化得到了模具缺陷的位置,由过渡区的偏移量得到了模具等厚区的长度,由板材温度变化确定了最佳保压时间为 8 s。结论结论 基于Abaqus 软件,构建了 B 柱的热冲压有限元模型,对板材出炉至成形结束阶段进行了数值模拟与分析,在此基础上对 B 柱制件进行了冲压试验,发现制件的质量缺陷明显减少,对制件的指定点进行了面检测,合格率达到了 95.83%,表明了分析结果的可靠性,同时也验证了有限元分析的准确性。关键词:高强钢;变厚板;热冲压
6、;22MnB5;数值模拟 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2023.04.013 中图分类号:TG306 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-6457(2023)04-0112-09 Numerical Simulation and Main Parameters of Hot Forming of B-pillar of High-strength Steel Variable-thickness Plates ZHAO Yan-jie1,GAO Ying1,GAO Jing-na1,LIU Kai-yuan1,ZHANG Shuang-jie1,2,ZHU Qin
7、g-qi3 (1.a.School of Material Science and Engineering,b.Hebei Key Laboratory of Near-net Forming Technology for Materials,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;2.Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Precision Punching Process and Die,Hebei Cangzhou 061500,Ch
8、ina;3.Baoding Exquisite Auto Mould Technology Com-第 15 卷 第 4 期 赵妍洁,等:高强钢变厚板汽车 B 柱热成形数值模拟及主要参数分析 113 pany Limited,Hebei Baoding 071000,China)ABSTRACT:The work aims to study the change law of the temperature field and stress field of stamping parts in hot forming,and explore the effect law of the main
9、 technological parameters on the forming of stamping parts.The thermal coupling model was established through the Abaqus software,and the hot stamping process of automobile B-pillar was numerically simulated.The temperature and stress changes of the plates and dies were analyzed,and the effect law o
10、f main technological parameters on stamping parts was determined.The obtained law was used to guide the design and manufacture of the die of B-pillar,and fi-nally the stamping test was carried out on the B-pillar.In the material transfer stage before hot forming,and the difference of plate thickness
11、 caused the temperature and internal stress changes in the transition zone.During hot forming,and the best form-ing effect was determined when the friction coefficient was 0.35 and the stamping speed was 100 mm/s with the thinning rate as the evaluation standard.The forming result of B-pillar was an
12、alyzed.The location of die defect was obtained according to the change of local thinning rate,the length of die equal thickness zone was obtained according to the offset of transition zone,and the optimal pressure holding time was determined to be 8 s by the change of plate temperature.Based on the
13、Abaqus software,the hot stamping finite element model of B-pillar is constructed,and the numerical simulation and analysis are carried out on the plate from the release to the end of forming.On this basis,the stamping test of B-pillar is carried out,and it is found that the quality defects of the pa
14、rts are reduced obviously.The surface detection of the designated points of the parts is carried out,and the qualified rate reaches 95.83%,which shows the reliability of the analysis results and verifies the accuracy of finite element analysis.KEY WORDS:high strength steel;variable-thickness plate;h
15、ot stamping;22MnB5;numerical simulation 随着世界范围内的能源消耗和各种环境问题的出现,节能减排已成为当前全球关注的热点1-2。对于汽车行业,节能环保已成为该产业发展的趋势,在汽车结构件的生产过程中,钢板的选择也越来越多样化3-5,与普通钢板相比,变厚度的高强钢板有更大的屈服强度、更高的抗拉强度、更合理的板料厚度,在满足汽车安全的同时又能够实现汽车轻量化6,因此,其在汽车行业中的应用越来越广泛。随着高强钢变厚板的普及,采用传统的冷冲压技术成形高强钢变厚板时,回弹7-8等成形缺陷比较严重,而采用热冲压技术9-10可以大大减小板材的回弹效应,对于回弹大的高强钢
16、变厚板来说是一种理想的成形方式。然而,高强钢变厚板的热成形技术还存在许多亟待解决的难题,近年来许多学者对此进行了大量的研究。Onur 等11对 22MnB5 等厚板进行了拉伸试验,分析了不同热处理条件下 22MnB5 的组织特征和 力 学 性 能;Barcellona 等12对 发 生 热 变 形 的22MnB5 钢板进行了研究,发现冷却速率和热处理温度是影响热变形的主要参数。王敏等13以变厚度的 U形梁为研究对象,研究了淬火时间对热冲压的影响,结果表明,淬火时间越长,马氏体分布越均匀。虽然上述报道对于高强钢变厚板的热变形研究取得了可观的成果,但由于热变形的过程非常复杂,涉及到应力应变场温度场相变的多场耦合关系,以上研究在此方面还未达到预期的效果。基于上述研究背景,文中以某汽车 B 柱为研究对象,利用 Abaqus 软件对 B柱的热成形过程进行模拟,对热成形前的物料转移阶段进行模拟与分析,探究主要工艺参数对成形结果的影响,由冲压过程中得到的应力场温度场相变的多场耦合关系指导 B 柱模具的设计与制造,通过试验验证工艺参数与模具设计的可靠性。1 有限元模型的建立 1.1 工艺分析 B 柱加