1、脏腑(zngf)器官的译法,第一页，共四十页。,脏腑(zngf)的译法,“五脏”常译:five zang-organs或 five zang-viscera；“六腑”常译:six fu-organs或 six fu-viscera。如果我们不强调(qing dio)“脏”或“腑”，而将其作为一个统一的概念来使用的话，则可将其浅化性地译作viscera。,第二页，共四十页。,心：heart；肝：liver；脾：spleen；肺：lung；肾：kidney.,第三页，共四十页。,The functions of heart are:,It controls blood and vessel.It
2、dominates Shen(spirit/mind)It opens into the tongue.,第四页，共四十页。,“心者，君主之官，神明(shnmng)出焉。”The heart is the king(or monarch)organ responsible for the activity of thinking.(mental activity心理活动),第五页，共四十页。,The functions of lungs are:,They dominate qi,responsible for respiration.They control dispersing and d
3、escending.They regulate water passage.They open into the nose.,第六页，共四十页。,The functions of spleen are:,Spleen controls transportation and transformation.Spleen controls blood.Spleen dominates ascending the clear(raising qi).Spleen controls the muscles and four limbsSpleen opens into the mouth and man
4、ifests in the lips,第七页，共四十页。,The functions of liver are:,It ensures the smooth flow of qi.It stores blood and regulates the blood volume.It opens into the eyes.,第八页，共四十页。,The functions of kidney are:,Kidney stores essence,responsible for growth,development and reproduction.Kidney produce marrow,fill
5、 up the brain and control bonesKidney dominates water.Kidney is in charge of reception of qi.Kidney open into the ears,第九页，共四十页。,心：heart,中华中医药杂志2011年4月心主血脉与血栓(xushun)前状态Heart Dominating Blood Circulation and Prethrombotic State,第十页，共四十页。,肝：liver,中华中医药杂志2011年4月第26卷第4期:710平肝潜阳方治疗(zhlio)原发性高血压大鼠的实验研究Ph
6、armacodynamic studies on formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang in treating spontaneous hypertension rats,第十一页，共四十页。,脾：spleen,中医(zhngy)杂志2011年8月第52卷第16期:1390马玉棋 北京积水潭医院中医科化浊清热汤治疗糖尿病湿热困脾型患者40例临床观察Clinical Observation on Huazhuo Qingre Decoction for the Treatment of 40 Diabetic Patients wi
7、th Syndrome of Damp-heat Blocking the Spleen,第十二页，共四十页。,肺：lung,中医杂志2010年7月第51卷第7期:648李小兵(xio bn)广州中医药大学第一附属医院补肺化痰方对肺虚痰阻证模型大鼠Na-K-ATP酶活性的影响Effect of Bufei Huatan Formula on the Activity of Na-K-ATPase in Rat Models with Phlegm Retention due to Lung Deficiency,第十三页，共四十页。,肾：kidney,中华中医药杂志2010年4月第25卷第4期
8、：531王华富，许惠琴（南京中医药大学药学院）；国家自然基金面上项目百合知母汤不同配比对去势围绝经期综合征肾阴虚大鼠子宫系数(xsh)及血清性激素的影响Effect of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on serum sex hormone and uterus index of ovariectomized rats with kidney-yin deficiency,第十四页，共四十页。,心包(xnbo)pericardium,“热入心包(xnbo)”“蒙蔽心包”“invasion of pathogenic heat into the pericardium”“conf
9、usion of the pericardium”.,第十五页，共四十页。,The Six Fu-Organs,The six fu-organs include the gallbladder,the stomach,the large intestine,the small intestine,the urinary bladder and the triple energizer.,第十六页，共四十页。,胆：gallbladder；胃：stomach；膀胱：urinary bladder；小肠(xiochng)：small intestine；大肠：large intestine；“三焦
10、”Sanjiao,第十七页，共四十页。,“内伤(nishng)脾胃，百病由生”“Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases”,第十八页，共四十页。,“大肠者，传导(chundo)之官，变化出焉。”“The large intestine is an organ in charge of transportation and transformation of the waste part of food into feces.”,第十九页，共四十页。,心开窍于舌，心与小肠(xi
11、ochng)相表里，所以可用清心泻小肠(xiochng)火的方法治疗口舌糜烂。The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.So ulcerative stomatitis can be treated by clearing away fire in the heart and purging the small intestine.,第二十页，共四十页。,膀胱的病变主要表现为尿频、尿急、尿痛；或小便不利(bl)、尿有余沥、甚至尿闭；或是遗尿，甚则
12、小便失禁。So dysfunction of the bladder may lead to such symptoms as frequent urination,urgent urination and dysuria;or unsmooth urination,dripping urination and even anuria;or enuresis and incontinence of urine.,第二十一页，共四十页。,Extraordinary organs,Brain MarrowBoneVessel 女子(nz)胞（胞宫）Uterus/womb,第二十二页，共四十页。,举
13、例(j l)：胃：stomach,中医杂志2012年9月第53卷第18期P1562齐学林 咸阳市中心医院内分泌科一贯煎联合西药治疗胃阴亏虚型糖尿病胃轻瘫患者(hunzh)40例临床观察Clinical Observation on Yiguan Brew Combined with Western Medication for 40 Cases of Diabetic Gastroparesis with Stomach Yin Deficiency Syndrome,第二十三页，共四十页。,举例(j l)：大肠：large intestine,中医杂志2011年5月第52卷第10期:865郑
14、旭锐 杨宇 成都中医药大学基础(jch)医学院 国家重点基础(jch)研究发展计划（“973”计划）从肺肠微生态变化研究肺与大肠的相关性Correlation between the Lung and Large Intestine from the Micro-ecological Change of Lung and Intestinal Flora,第二十四页，共四十页。,关于三焦(snjio)的译法,该译法比较混乱，有three warmers,three heaters,three burners,tri-jiao等等。世卫组织在针灸经穴名称的国际标准化方案中将“三焦”译为tripl
15、e energizer。尽管这一译法也不尽准确，但由于世卫组织已将其作为一个规范化的译名向全世界作了公布，而且我国也参加了该方案的制定，因此不得不接受。况且“三焦”的实质我们本身也存有争议，翻译上的“准确”也很难完全落到实处。实际操作中还是(hi shi)根据语境，用音译tri-jiao或Sanjiao,第二十五页，共四十页。,例“中焦(zhngjio)”译法Middle-jiao,中医杂志2011年11月第52卷第21期:1856 彭晋、王良.（成都中医药大学基础医学院）：国家自然基金(jjn)资助项目湿阻中焦证模型胃肠水通道蛋白2的表达分布谱及平胃散的干预作用Expressional Di
16、stribution Spectrum of Aquaporin 2 in Gastrointestinal Tissue of Animal Models with Damp Retention in the Middle Jiao Syndrome and Intervention by Pingwei Powder,第二十六页，共四十页。,中华中医药杂志2010年4月第25卷第4期：512苏云放（浙江中医药大学基础医学院）少阳(sho yn)、三焦、膜原系统论关键词：少阳、三焦、膜原Systemic theory of Shaoyang,Sanjiao and MoyuanKey words:Shaoyang,Sanjiao,Moyuan,第二十七页，共四十页。,Extraordinary Organs,Brain Marrow Bone Vessel Uterus/womb,第二十八页，共四十页。,还有一种(y zhn)用构词法来翻译,如：心 cardiac；肝 hepatic；脾 splenic；肺 pulmonic,pneumonic；肾 nephric,renal；胃 g
