1、股骨粗隆间骨折教学(jio xu)查房,八区骨科(k)2018-10-21,第一页,共四十五页。,一、汇报(hubo)病史,住院医师:肖吉,第二页,共四十五页。,病例(bngl),患者:陈志林 男 77岁 八区03床因“右髋部外伤疼痛、活动受限1小时(xiosh)”于2018-10-10,经急诊收入病房,第三页,共四十五页。,病史:患者1小时前行走时不慎跌倒,右髋部着地受伤,当即感右髋部剧烈疼痛,局部未及明显皮肤破溃出血,无法站立、行走,继而局部肿胀,急至我院就诊,查CT示:右股骨上段粉碎性骨折(gzh)。为进一步诊治,急诊拟“右股骨粗隆间骨折(gzh)”收入病房。患者受伤以来无头痛,无发热,
2、大小便正常。,第四页,共四十五页。,既往(j wn)史:既往(j wn)有低血压病史,否认糖尿病等其他慢性病史。,第五页,共四十五页。,查体:体温 36.7,脉搏 84次/分,呼吸 21次/分,血压 88/61mmHg。视:右髋部未及(wi j)皮肤破溃伤口及疤痕,右下肢外旋畸形,末梢血运正常。触:右髋部压痛明显,可及骨擦感,右下肢皮肤感觉正常。动:右髋部活动受限,右足、右踝活动可。量:右下肢稍短缩。,第六页,共四十五页。,实验室及器械检查(jinch):CT:右股骨上段粉碎性骨折。,第七页,共四十五页。,诊断:右股骨(gg)粗隆间骨折(EvansV),第八页,共四十五页。,诊疗(zhnlio
3、)计划,1.患者入院时生命(shngmng)体征平稳,心脑肺肾等重要脏器功能可,内环境稳定,具体情况有待检查结果进一步评估。2.完善血尿粪三大常规、生化组合、血型、凝血常规、输血八项、心电图、心脏彩超、下肢深静脉彩超、全胸片等检查。3.监测生命体征,暂予以活血消肿、补液等对症治疗,下肢皮肤牵引,择期手术,Autar评分属于中风险,予以预防性抗凝等治疗。,第九页,共四十五页。,第十页,共四十五页。,第十一页,共四十五页。,第十二页,共四十五页。,股骨粗隆间骨折(gzh)定义及分析,主治医师:王震,第十三页,共四十五页。,定义:股骨(gg)粗隆间骨折是指股骨(gg)颈基底至小粗隆下缘之间的骨折。,
4、第十四页,共四十五页。,临床表现:伤后髋部疼痛,不能站立或行走。下肢短缩及外旋畸形明显。局部可见肿胀及瘀斑,局部压痛明显。扣击足跟部常引起患处(hunch)剧烈疼痛。,第十五页,共四十五页。,诊断:明显外伤史,患肢疼痛,活动受限。线片可确定骨折部位(bwi)及移位情况。,第十六页,共四十五页。,治疗措施:具体治疗方法应根据骨折类型、移位(y wi)情况、患者年龄和全身情况,分别采取不同方法。,第十七页,共四十五页。,Evans classification,第十八页,共四十五页。,AO classification,第十九页,共四十五页。,治疗方法(fngf)选择,副主任医师:张锋,第二十页,
5、共四十五页。,治疗(zhlio)方法,牵引(qinyn)疗法适应所有类型的粗隆间骨折。尤其对无移位的稳定性骨折并有较重内脏疾患不适合手术者。,第二十一页,共四十五页。,手术(shush)治疗,股骨粗隆骨折的内固定分为髓外固定和髓内固定。髓外固定以 DHS 和股骨近端锁定加压钢板(gngbn)为主;髓内固定以髓内钉为主,目前应用较多的包括第 3 代 G a m m a 钉、PFNA)和InterTan)。,第二十二页,共四十五页。,?,第二十三页,共四十五页。,第二十四页,共四十五页。,内固定物的选择(xunz),DHS内固定(gdng)标准的手术方式。但随着更新型内固定方式出现,地位出现动摇,
6、但仍是选择的主要方式。,第二十五页,共四十五页。,髓内固定方式(fngsh),更具力学优势 Gamma Nail PFNA InterTan,内固定物的选择(xunz),第二十六页,共四十五页。,Gamma Nail为目前各类髓内钉的制作原型(yunxng)与模板,第二十七页,共四十五页。,PFNA螺旋刀头(do tu),优势明显,第二十八页,共四十五页。,InterTan近端为 2 枚绞索(jio su)设计的螺钉,第二十九页,共四十五页。,髋关节置换(zhhun)THR早期负重,早期下地活动,减少卧床并发症,内固定物的选择(xunz),第三十页,共四十五页。,结论(jiln),对于老年股骨
7、(gg)粗隆骨折患者,稳定型骨折可选用 DHS 或 Gamma 钉;不稳定型股骨粗隆骨折,可根据骨折类型、骨质情况等选用 PFNA、InterTan 等髓内固定系统。高龄粉碎性股骨粗隆骨折建议行髋关节置换术。,第三十一页,共四十五页。,徐众华科主任点评(din pn),第三十二页,共四十五页。,第三十三页,共四十五页。,Introduction,The Sliding Hip Screw(DHS)is considered the gold standard device for fixation of stable trochanteric fracturesIncase of unstab
8、le or reverse obliquity pattern fracture,intramedullary nails seem to be more effective with respect to DHSfixation of stable or minimal unstable trochanteric fractures with PFNa in a population of patients compared to a control group treated by DHS.,第三十四页,共四十五页。,Materials and methods,A prospective
9、study was conducted in 71 consecutive patients treated by PFNa(group A),and 69 by a DHS(group B),with a mean age of 81.6 and 83.4 years respectively.Short Form 12 was administered to check postoperative results,and the following parameters were evaluated:range of motion,evaluation of pain,gait abili
10、ty,X-rays,and Tip Apex Distance Index.,第三十五页,共四十五页。,第三十六页,共四十五页。,Materials and methods,About 80.4%of fractures were treated in the first 48 hours after trauma(early timing).Intraoperative data concerning blood loss,operative and radiological exposure time,and postsurgical onset of complications were
11、 registered.assisted passive motion in bed at the first postoperative day.At second postoperative day,patients were allowed to seat in bed performing active knee and ankle exercises.From the third postoperative day in stable patterns,assisted standing and gait exercises with devices were proposed。,第
12、三十七页,共四十五页。,Materials and methods,Short Form 12 was administered to check postoperative results,and the following parameters were evaluated:range of motion,evaluation of pain,gait ability,X-rays,and Tip Apex Distance Index.,第三十八页,共四十五页。,Results,第三十九页,共四十五页。,第四十页,共四十五页。,第四十一页,共四十五页。,第四十二页,共四十五页。,Conc
13、lusions,PFNa may be considered an useful choicefor the treatment of stable or rather stable trochanteric fractures as well as DHS.The light superiority of PFNa may be principally related to its mechanical advantages.,第四十三页,共四十五页。,Thanks!,第四十四页,共四十五页。,内容(nirng)总结,股骨粗隆间骨折教学查房。2018-10-21。因“右髋部外伤疼痛、活动受限1小时”于2018-10-10,经急诊收入(shur)病房。既往史:既往有低血压病史,否认糖尿病等其他慢性病史。局部可见肿胀及瘀斑,局部压痛明显。Thanks,第四十五页,共四十五页。,