1、第 52 卷 第 6 期 表面技术 2023 年 6 月 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY 223 收稿日期：20220506；修订日期：20220929 Received：2022-05-06；Revised：2022-09-29 基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52075524）；陕西省教育厅项目（21Jk0482）；研究生创新科研项目（YJSCX22ZD07）Fund：National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075524);Shaanxi Provincial Education Department Project(21Jk0482
2、);Innovative Research Project for Graduate Students(YJSCX22ZD07)作者简介：李飞舟（1974），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为钛合金的摩擦与润滑机械零件的设计与有限元分析。Biography：LI Fei-zhou(1974-),Male,Doctor,Professor,Research focus:design and finite element analysis of friction and lubrication mechanical parts of titanium alloys.引文格式：李飞舟,杨朝钊,郭便,等.
3、两种油溶性离子液体与进口添加剂的摩擦学性能对比J.表面技术,2023,52(6):223-234.LI Fei-zhou,YANG Zhao-zhao,GUO Bian,et al.Comparison of Tribological Performance between Two Oil-soluble Ionic Liquids and Imported AdditivesJ.Surface Technology,2023,52(6):223-234.两种油溶性离子液体与进口添加剂的 摩擦学性能对比 李飞舟1，杨朝钊1,2，郭便1，梁依经2，周康3，吕会英3，范丰奇3，黄卿3，于强亮2，蔡
4、美荣2，周峰2（1.宝鸡文理学院 机械工程学院，陕西 宝鸡 721016；2.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 固体润滑国家重点实验室，兰州 730000；3.中国石油兰州润滑油研究开发中心，兰州 730060）摘要：目的目的 对比研究合成的油溶性离子液体（IL）N/P、P/P 与传统极压抗磨添加剂 IR 349、IR 353 和 FM 3606对85W/90 GL5 齿轮油摩擦学性能的影响。方法方法 以IL和传统极压抗磨剂为添加剂，加剂量为1%，在85W/90基础上制备 5 种润滑剂，空白样 85W/90 作为对照，通过同步热分析仪测试其热分解温度，采用点面往复摩擦形式在 SRV摩擦机上对其减摩
5、抗磨性能进行研究，采用四球摩擦机测试其极压承载能力。通过环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）、三维轮廓扫描仪、X 射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对各润滑剂润滑后对应的磨斑进行微观形貌表征并对其元素组成进行分析。结果结果 IL 的加入在很大程度上提高了 85W/90 的热分解温度。在 50 条件下，含有 IL 添加剂的齿轮油表现出更为优异的减摩抗磨性能，在 150 条件下，含 IL 添加剂的齿轮油与含传统极压抗磨剂的齿轮油抗磨性能相当，而前者减摩性能更为优异。极压承载能力测试表明，所合成的 IL 在一定程度上改善了 85W/90 的油膜强度。根据 XPS 分析结果推测，IL 添加剂在外界应力（热应力、机械
6、应力）下分解后，与金属表面反应并生成具有良好润滑效果的边界薄膜。结论结论 2 种油溶性 IL 可明显改善齿轮油的摩擦学性能，可部分替代一系列进口添加剂，为后续进一步发展绿色、高性能润滑添加剂提供了一定思路，但 IL 的润滑机制仍值得深入探讨。关键词：油溶性离子液体；润滑添加剂；85W/90 GL5 齿轮油；热稳定性；减摩抗磨；润滑机理 中图分类号：TH117 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)06-0223-12 DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.06.019 Comparison of Tribological Performanc
7、e between Two Oil-soluble Ionic Liquids and Imported Additives LI Fei-zhou1,YANG Zhao-zhao1,2,GUO Bian1,LIANG Yi-jing2,ZHOU Kang3,LYU Hui-ying3,FAN Feng-qi3,HUANG Qing3,YU Qiang-liang2,CAI Mei-rong2,ZHOU Feng2 224 表 面 技 术 2023 年 6 月 (1.College of Mechanical Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and S
8、ciences,Shaanxi Baoji 721016,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;3.PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricating Oil R&D Institute,Lanzhou 730060,China)ABSTRACT:It is a new type of green oil-soluble ionic liquid(IL
9、)lubricating additive.By regulating the structure of IL and studying the mechanism of its structure on physicochemical properties and tribological performance,it can improve the performance of gear oil such as thermal stability,anti-friction and anti-wear performance and extreme pressure carrying ca
10、pacity in an environment-friendly condition.The work aims to study the physicochemical properties and tribological performance of two oil-soluble ILs as additives for 85W/90 GL-5 heavy-duty automotive gear oil and make a comparison among the three imported additives.The ammonium salt of diisooctyl c
11、etyl trioctyl phosphate and the phosphonium salt of diisooctyl cetyl trioctyl phosphate N/P(P/P)were synthesized.Equimolar N88816 Br(P88816 Br)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate were mixed with an excess of NaOH and then added into an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol at room temperature.The resul
12、ting solution was stirred at 85 for 48-72 h.The solution was cooled and the solvent was removed by spinning at the end of the reaction.Subsequently,the above liquid was added with petroleum ether for dissolution,washed 3 times with water,and poured into a separatory funnel to stratify fully.The supe
13、rnatant was collected and dried overnight,and the solvent in it was removed by filtering off the sodium sulfate under reduced pressure to give the clear yellowish liquid N/P(clear colorless liquid P/P).The purity and molecular weight of the two prepared oil-soluble ILs were characterized by high-res
14、olution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.It was used as 85W/90 additive,and the dosage was 1%,and the tribological performance was tested and compared with gear oils containing three imported additives IRGALUBE 349,IRGALUBE 353 and FM 3606.Tribological tests were performed by ball-disk po
15、int contact,with the upper specimen being a 10 mm diameter AISI 52100 steel ball and the lower specimen being a 24 mm diameter AISI 52100 steel disk with a thickness of 7.9 mm,both with a hardness of 58HRC-62HRC.The tests were performed on a micro-motion tribological wear tester(SRV-IV).The conditio
16、ns used for tribological tests were:load of 300 N,temperature of 50/150,frequency of 25 Hz,amplitude of 1 mm,and test time of 30 min.After the tribological experiments,the abrasive spots on the surface of the lower specimen steel disc were characterized microscopically by scanning electron microscopy(SEM,Quanta 650 FEG)and analyzed elementally by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry(XPS,Thermo scientific NEXSA).Combined with tribological tests,microscopic characterization and elemental analysis resu
