1、Chinese Journal of Practical Stomatology Mar.2023 Vol.16 No.2作者单位:1.山西医科大学口腔医学院,山西 太原 030012;2.山西医科大学第二医院口腔科,山西 太原 030001通信作者:马宇锋,电子信箱:论著DOI:10.19538/j.kq.2023.02.008颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期损伤程度的磁共振成像分析贾晓庆1,马宇锋1,2摘要:目的应用磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)分析颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期的损伤程度。方法收集2021年2月至2022年10月于山西医科大学第二医院口腔科就诊的
2、22例颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期患者的临床和影像学资料进行回顾性分析,包括下颌骨未骨折和非髁突骨折患者各11例,分别记为下颌骨未骨折组和下颌骨非髁突骨折组。通过MRI检查结果分析22例患者44侧颞下颌关节的状态,并对损伤程度进行分级。结果MRI检查显示,22例患者的44侧颞下颌关节均发生损伤,主要表现为关节盘移位(占84.1%)、关节腔积液或积血(占79.5%)及关节盘后区损伤(占72.7%);此外,还有31.8%的颞下颌关节发生关节盘穿孔。对损伤程度进行分级发现,、级损伤构成比依次为9.1%(4/44)、59.1%(26/44)和31.8%(14/44)。下颌骨未骨折组、级损伤构成比依次为4.6
3、%(1/22)、36.3%(8/22)和59.1%(13/22),下颌骨非髁突骨折组、级损伤构成比依次为13.6%(3/22)、81.8%(18/22)和4.6%(1/22);2组损伤程度分级比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.632,P 0.001)。结论颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期患者的颞下颌关节损伤程度大多较重,尤其是下颌骨未骨折患者,建议行MRI检查以全面评估颞下颌关节状态。关键词:颞下颌关节;磁共振成像;急性创伤;钝挫伤;骨折中图分类号:R78文献标志码:AMagnetic resonance imaging analysis of injury degree of temporomandi
4、bular joint blunt trauma in acute stageJIA Xiao-qing*,MA Yu-feng.*School of Stomatology,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030012,ChinaCorresponding author:MA Yu-feng,E-mail:Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the degree of temporomandibular joint blunt trauma in acute stage based on magneticresonance imagi
5、ng(MRI).MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of 22 patients with temporomandibular joint blunttrauma in the acute stage who were treated in the Department of Stomatology of the Second Hospital of Shanxi MedicalUniversity from February 2021 to October 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively,
6、including 11 patients withno mandibular fracture and 11 patients with non-condylar fracture,which were respectively recorded as the mandibularnon-fracture group and the mandibular non-condylar fracture group.The status of 44 temporomandibular joints in 22 patients was analyzed by MRI examination,and
7、 the degree of injury was graded.ResultsMRI examination showed that44 sides of temporomandibular joints in 22 patients were injured,the main manifestations of which were disc displacement(84.1%),joint cavity effusion or hematocele(79.5%)and retrodiscal injury(72.7%).In addition,31.8%of the temporoma
8、ndibular joint had disc perforation.According to the grading of the degree of injury,the constituent ratios of grade,and injuries were 9.1%(4/44),59.1%(26/44)and 31.8%(14/44)respectively.The constituent ratios of grade,and injuries in the mandibular non-fracture group were 4.6%(1/22),36.3%(8/22)and
9、59.1%(13/22)respectively,and the constituent ratios of grade,and injuries in the mandibular non-condylar fracture group were13.6%(3/22),81.8%(18/22)and 4.6%(1/22)respectively;there was statistically significant difference in the grading ofinjury degree between the two groups(Z=-3.632,P 0.001).Conclu
10、sionIn the acute stage of temporomandibular joint blunt trauma,the degree oftemporomandibular joint injury is mostly serious,es162中国实用口腔科杂志 2023年 3月 第 16卷 第 2期pecially in patients with mandibular non-fracture.It is suggested that MRI should be performed to comprehensively evaluate the status of temp
11、oromandibular joint.Keywords:temporomandibular joint;magnetic resonance imaging;acute trauma;blunt trauma;fracture下颌骨与颞下颌关节在解剖学和生理学上紧密联系,作用于下颌骨的暴力可直接或间接导致颞下颌关节急性损伤。颞下颌关节急性损伤的相关临床研究集中于髁突骨折的诊断、治疗及并发症方面,而非骨折性损伤的相关研究较少。髁突未发生骨折的颞下颌关节软、硬组织损伤被定义为颞下颌关节钝挫伤1。颞下颌关节钝挫伤的临床诊断依据包括:明确的颌面部外伤史;不同程度的关节疼痛、弹响或运动受限等临床症状;
12、影像学辅助检查进一步明确诊断1-2。曲面体层片、螺旋CT或锥形束CT等影像学检查可明确诊断颞下颌关节硬组织骨折,却难以发现钝锉伤。关节镜检查虽可直视关节各结构的损伤情况,但其具有侵入性,易产生并发症,操作也比较困难,故在临床上应用受限3。磁共振成像(magneticresonance imaging,MRI)具有较高的软组织分辨率,在显示关节盘、盘后区、关节囊等组织形态及结构的变化上有极大的优势,且无放射性和明显副反应,是辅助诊断颞下颌关节钝挫伤的较佳方法4。部分学者借助MRI对颞下颌关节钝挫伤的急性期损伤进行分类,包括关节盘移位、关节腔积液或积血、盘后区撕裂及髁突骨髓水肿等,但未进一步分析损
13、伤程度5-6;而急性期损伤程度会影响疾病的自然转归及治疗效果6。因此,本研究基于MRI评估颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期的损伤程度,为其早期防治提供理论依据。1资料与方法1.1研究对象与分组选取2021年2月至2022年10月于山西医科大学第二医院口腔科就诊的22例颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期患者的临床和影像学资料进行回顾性分析,其中男15例,女7例;年龄15 42岁,平均(31.2 8.3)岁。患者就诊时间为伤后1 12 d,平均(5.9 3.6)d。纳入标准:有明确的下颌骨外伤史;外伤后就诊时间小于2周,且未行任何治疗;临床检查示颞下颌关节区肿胀、疼痛或张口受限;经曲面体层片、锥形束CT或螺旋CT检查显
14、示无髁突表面损伤或骨折。排除标准:有颞下颌关节疾病史、关节手术史及颌面部外伤史;患有可能影响关节结构关系及形态的全身系统疾病;未进行MRI检查。根据下颌骨是否骨折进行分组,纳入的22例患者包括下颌骨未骨折和非髁突骨折患者各11例,分别记为下颌骨未骨折组和下颌骨非髁突骨折组。下颌骨非髁突骨折组中下颌角骨折2例、下颌体骨折3例、颏部骨折6例。本研究经山西医科大学第二医院伦理委员会审查批准(批准号:2022152),所有患者均签署知情同意书。1.2MRI检查1.2.1设备及方法所有患者均使用3.0 T超导磁共振扫描仪(GE公司,美国)进行检查,采用32通道标准头线圈,取仰卧位。常规成像序列包括:双侧
15、颞下颌关节矢状位开、闭口位快速自旋回波T1加权成像(T1WI)、快速自旋回波质子密度加权成像(PDWI)、快速自旋回波脂肪抑制T2加权成像(T2WI),以及冠状位开、闭口位快速自旋回波PDWI。先扫描闭口位,再扫描张口位。张口位扫描时采用专用辅助张口扩张器固定,以保证图像的质量。颞下颌关节损伤患者均有不同程度的张口受限,当张口度 10 mm时不行张口位检查。1.2.2颞下颌关节钝挫伤的损伤程度分级标准由1名放射科副主任医师及1名口腔颌面外科主任医师分别读片,在意见不一致的情况下,以协商一致方式获得最终诊断结果,并结合临床检查综合分析颞下颌关节各结构的损伤情况。参考Tripathi等7的分级标准
16、,并根据研究目的进行改良,将颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期损伤程度分为3级:级包括关节腔积液或积血、关节盘后区损伤及骨髓水肿;级为关节盘移位联合级损伤;级为关节盘穿孔联合级或级损伤。1.3统计学处理应用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。采用等级资料的秩和检验比较下颌骨未骨折组与下颌骨非髁突骨折组的损伤程度,P 0.05为差异有统计学意义。163Chinese Journal of Practical Stomatology Mar.2023 Vol.16 No.2表12组患者颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期的损伤程度分级 侧(%)组别下颌骨未骨折组(22侧)下颌骨非髁突骨折组(22侧)Z值P值级1(4.6)3(13.6)级8(36.3)18(81.8)-3.632 0.001级13(59.1)1(4.6)abcdef2结果2.1颞下颌关节钝挫伤急性期的损伤类型MRI检查结果显示,22例患者的44侧颞下颌关节均发生损伤,具体损伤情况如下。32侧颞下颌关节出现关节盘后区损伤,占72.7%。MRI表现为在PDWI图像上盘后区信号增加或出现不均匀低信号影(图1a)。37侧颞下颌关节出现关节盘移位,占