1、黄慧清,杨云,柳镇章,等.茶树新品系606乌龙茶在不同季节的品质分析 J.食品工业科技,2023,44(14):272281.doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080303HUANG Huiqing,YANG Yun,LIU Zhenzhang,et al.Quality Analysis of a New Tea Line 606 Oolong Tea in Different SeasonsJ.Science and Technology of Food Industry,2023,44(14):272281.(in Chinese with English
2、 abstract).doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080303 分析检测 茶树新品系茶树新品系606乌龙茶在不同季节的品质分析乌龙茶在不同季节的品质分析黄慧清1,杨云1,柳镇章1,方舟2,林佳琪1,湛水秀1,占鑫怡1,陈常颂3,孙云1,*(1.福建农林大学园艺学院,茶学福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002;2.武夷山市永生茶业有限公司,福建武夷山 354303;3.福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安 355015)摘要:为探究不同季节对茶树新品系606乌龙茶品质的影响,本研究采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-QqQ MS)靶向代谢
3、组学、顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS)技术及电子鼻技术(Electronic nose)对新品系606乌龙茶的品质成分进行定性定量测定,通过偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)获取不同季节茶样组间差异。结果表明,氨基酸总量呈现春季秋季夏季,春季鲜味类氨基酸显著高于秋季与夏季(P夏茶春茶的规律。氨基酸与儿茶素的差异是造成春、夏、秋茶不同风味品质特征的重要原因。3 个季节新品系606乌龙茶共鉴定 86 种主要特征挥发性成分,醇类和碳氢化合物挥发性组分含量较高,酮类物质是春茶的特征挥发性成分,-法呢烯是夏茶的特征挥发性成分,反式-橙花叔醇、吲哚、己
4、酸叶醇酯是秋茶的特征挥发性成分。通过建立PLS-DA 模型可将 3 个季节的茶样明显区分,鉴定出 23 种区分不同季节新品系606乌龙茶的差异挥发性化合物。电子鼻传感器 S1,S2,S6,S7,S10 在不同季节新品系606乌龙茶的区分中起重要作用,含氮化合物与碳氢化合物是区分不同季节茶样的重要物质。关键词:新品系606,乌龙茶,不同季节,品质本文网刊:中图分类号:TS272 文献标识码:A 文章编号:10020306(2023)14027210DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080303QualityAnalysisofaNewTeaLine606Oolon
5、gTeainDifferentSeasonsHUANGHuiqing1,YANGYun1,LIUZhenzhang1,FANGZhou2,LINJiaqi1,ZHANShuixiu1,ZHANXinyi1,CHENChangsong3,SUNYun1,*(1.College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Key Laboratory of Tea Science of FujianUniversities,Fuzhou 350002,China;2.Yongsheng Tea Industry Co.,Lt
6、d.,of Wuyishan City,Wuyishan 354303,China;3.Tea Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuan 355015,China)Abstract:In order to better understand the impact of the different seasons on the characteristic of oolong tea 606,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadr
7、upole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ MS)targetedmetabonomics,headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS)technology and electronic nose technology were used to determine qualitatively and quantitatively 收稿日期:20220831 基
8、金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-19);福建农林大学茶产业链科技创新与服务体系建设项目(K1520005A06);福建张天福茶叶发展基金会科技创新基金(FJZTF01)。作者简介:黄慧清(1999),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质研究,E-mail:。*通信作者:孙云(1964),女,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质研究,E-mail:。第 44 卷 第 14 期食品工业科技Vol.44 No.142023 年 7 月Science and Technology of Food IndustryJul.2023 the new line 606 oolong te
9、as quality,and the group differences of tea samples in different seasons were obtained by partialleast squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).Results had showed that the total amount of amino acids in tea samples madeby different seasons had a downward trend from spring to autumn to summer.Flavor ami
10、no acid in oolong tea made byspring buds was especially higher-content than autumn and summer oolong tea(P0.05),and high level of total bitter aminoacid was observed in summer oolong tea.The autumn and summer oolong tea contained higher content of total catechinthan spring oolong tea,which carried o
11、ut that the differences of amino acids and catechins played a strong role in theformation of flavor and quality characteristics of spring,summer and autumn tea.86 main characteristic volatile substancesin total were identified in new line 606 oolong tea in spring,summer and autumn,and among these vo
12、latile componentswere the contents of alcohols and hydrocarbons higher.Ketones were the characteristic aroma components of spring tea.-Farnesene was the characteristic aroma component of summer tea.Trans Neroli tertiary alcohol,indole and hexanoate werethe characteristic aroma components of autumn t
13、ea.23 key compounds for identifying the new line 606 oolong tea indifferent seasons were determined,which utilized the established PLS-DA model clearly differentiating the tea samples inthese three seasons.Electronic nose sensors S1,S2,S6,S7 and S10 made a difference to distinguish the new line 606o
14、olong tea in different seasons.Nitrogen compound and hydrocarbons were the important material for identifying teasamples in different seasons.Keywords:new tea line606;oolong tea;different seasons;quality 茶树新品系606是黄旦自然杂交的后代,采用单株育种法育成,与亲本黄旦同为早生种,并且适合机械采摘,制优率高1。近年来,已有研究者对新品系606的品质进行研究。林郑和等1的研究表明,轻晒青和重摇
15、青的做青工艺制成的新品系606乌龙茶品质较优;刘彬彬2对新品系606呈味物质以及挥发性成分进行深入探究,并与其亲本黄旦对比分析,认为新品系606的外形、香气、滋味和叶底得分都高于黄旦;杨云等3的研究表明,新品系606与亲本黄旦相比,呈味物质更丰富,具有浓醇鲜厚的滋味特点。同时,对不同季节茶叶品质的研究也逐渐得到许多研究者的关注4。Liu 等5通过 GC-IMS 技术对不同季节英德红茶挥发性成分进行分析,证实了茶叶的香气会随着季节的变化而变化,秋茶的香气最浓郁,其次是春茶和夏茶;Jiang 等6测定了不同季节对发酵红茶茶黄素的影响,研究表明春季采摘的鲜叶当中产生的茶黄素含量最高;田甜等7对凌云白
16、毫绿茶不同季节的香气成分进行了分析和总结,其春、夏和秋茶分别有不同的特征香气成分。目前,对不同季节传统品种茶叶品质的研究已取得重要的研究进展,但对不同季节茶树新品系606乌龙茶的品质探究分析尚未见报道。超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupoletandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-QqQ MS)靶向代谢组学、顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱飞行时间质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS)技术已被广泛应用于医学、环境、植物及食品等领域810,不仅可以对滋味物质和挥发物进行精确定性、定量,还能显著缩短分析时间1112。电子鼻可以在短时间内对样品挥发性成分的整体情况做出评价13,并具有测定评估范围广、重复性好及结果客观真实等特点1415。本研究以不同季节新品系606乌龙茶为研究对象,利用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-QqQ MS)靶向代谢组学、顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS)技术16以及电子鼻(