1、细胞形态学检查细胞形态学检查 一、倒置显微镜观察细胞的形态(一)一般的形态学观察:(二)用相差显微镜观察细胞的形态(三)荧光显微镜观察细胞的形态和结构 Identification of cultured adult rat RGCs.Cultured cells were co-labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody(A),anti-NF-L antibody(B),and DAPI(C).(D)A digitally merged image simultaneously represents all three fluorescent labels.(E)The
2、 corresponding phase-contrast image.免疫荧光染色法免疫荧光染色法 用于标记二抗体的荧光素:(1)异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)发射的荧光波长为490619(绿色荧光)(2)四乙基罗丹明:荧光波长为540660(橙红色荧光)(3)DAPI或Hoechst33258:染核,用紫外激发 免疫荧光的染色步骤免疫荧光的染色步骤 1、用95%乙醇固定细胞10-30 分或用冷丙酮固定510分。2、用PBS洗3次。3、用PBS配制的1Triton 10分。用PBS洗3次 4、用2%5%BSA封闭2 小时 5、加入一抗过夜,PBS洗3次 6、加入二抗12小时,PBS洗3次 7、核
3、复染,荧光显微镜观察。正常细胞和组织的培养 一、上皮细胞培养上皮细胞培养(epithelial culture)上皮细胞包括腺上皮是很多器官如肝、胰、乳腺等的功能成分,又由于癌起源于上皮组织,故上皮细胞培养特别受到重视。但上皮细胞培养中常混杂有成纤维细胞,培养时生长速度往往超过上皮细胞,并难以纯化,同时上皮细胞难以在体外长期生存,因此纯化和延长生存时间是培养关键。体内上皮细胞生长在胶原构成的基膜,因此培养在有胶原的底物上可能利于生长,另外人或小鼠表皮细胞培养在以3T3细胞为饲养层(用射线照射后)时,细胞易生长并可发生一定程度的分化现象。降低PH、Ca2+含量和温度,向培养基中加入表皮生长因子,
4、均有利于表皮细胞生长。表皮细胞培养表皮细胞培养 1、取材:外科植皮或手术残余皮肤小块,早产流产儿皮肤更好,取角化层薄者,切成0.51平方厘米小块。2、置0.02%EDTA中,室温,5分钟。3、换入0.25%胰蛋白酶中,4过夜。4、分离:取出皮块,用血管钳或镊子将表皮与真皮层分开。5、取出表皮,剪成更小的块后,置0.25%胰酶中,37,3060分钟。6、反复吹打,制成悬液。7、培养:用80目不锈钢纱网滤过后,低速离心,吸去上清。8、直接加入培养基(Eagle加20%小牛血清)制成细胞悬液,接种入培养瓶,CO2温箱培养。Cultured Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells
5、 神经胶质细胞培养神经胶质细胞培养 神经细胞(神经元不易培养,只有在适宜情况下,如接种在胶原底层上,或加入神经生长因子和胶质细胞因子时,可出现一定程度的分化,长出突起等现象,但很难使之增值。而神经胶质细胞是神经组织中比较容易培养的成分。人、鼠等脑组织即可用于神经胶质细胞培养,不仅能获得生长的胶质细胞,也可形成能传代的二倍体细胞系。一般说来,胶质细胞在培养中生长不稳定,不易自发转化,但对外界因素仍保持很好的敏感性,获取脑组织后,仔细剥除脑膜、血管和纤维成分,置Hanks液中漂洗一、二次。2、置于3050倍体积的Hanks液中,此时脑组织比较柔软,反复吹打即制成细胞悬液。3、把悬液注入离心管室温中
6、直立510分钟后,细胞或细胞团快自然下沉,脂肪等杂物易漂浮,可吸除上层、反复二、三次,即可排除脂肪成分和其它碎块并获较多细胞成分。4、在沉降物中加入适量培养液,通过纱网过滤,计数并调整细胞密度。5、接入培养瓶或皿中,置5%CO2温箱中培养。该细胞适应环境过程较长,接种后贴壁较慢。贴壁后短期内也可能不见细胞分裂现象,然而一旦生长后即能迅速进入旺盛的增殖状态。细胞传代可以0.25%胰酶消化处理。Cultured neuron Cultured microglia 大鼠肝细胞的培养大鼠肝细胞的培养(成年成年)培养液:Koga 培养液,最好加入Williams 和Waymouth MB752/1)消化
7、液:型胶原酶300U/mg,使用浓度为0.025%方法方法:1 灌流法分离肝细胞:灌流法分离肝细胞:门静脉和下腔门静脉和下腔插管静脉插管插管静脉插管 2、用预灌流液、用预灌流液(8.3 mg/ml NaCl,0.5 mg/ml KCl,2.4 mg/ml HEPES,pH 7.4)灌流灌流8分钟分钟 3、用含0.05%胶原酶的灌流液(预灌流液中加入5 mmol/LCaCl2,0.05%胶原酶)继续灌流10分钟。4、将肝叶剪下,将消化好的肝细胞轻轻刮下,获得的肝细胞悬液离心(600 r/min)三次,每次2分钟 5、然后重新悬浮于WE培养基中(含10%血清,Insulin 0.2 U/ml,L-
8、Glutamine 0.292 mg/ml,100 nM dexamethasone)。6、Isolated cells were plated on collagen type I-coated dishes in medium I consisting of Williams medium E。Hepatocyte Isolation and Culture Hepatocytes were isolated from the liver of fed male BALB/c mice(22-25 g)by using the two-step collagenase perfusion
9、method.After the induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium(400 mg/kg ip),the peritoneal cavity was opened,and the liver was perfused in situ via the portal vein for 4 min at 37C with calcium-free HEPES buffer and for 7 min with HEPES buffer containing 45 mg/100 ml collagenase D(Boehringer-Ma
10、nnheim,Laval,QC,Canada)and 135 mg/100 ml CaCl2.The perfusion rate was set at 5 ml/min for both solutions.The cells were used only if cell viability,as determined by trypan blue exclusion,was 80%.The cells were seeded onto plastic petri dishes(26,000 cells/cm2)in Williams medium E(GIBCO BRL,Toronto,O
11、N,Canada)supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum(GIBCO BRL)and allowed 90 min to attach.The serum-containing medium was then removed,and the cells were subjected to different culture conditions in serum-free medium.Fig.5.Morphology of EGF-treated mouse hepatocytes in the presence and absence of PD-1
12、68393.Primary mouse hepatocyte cultures were incubated with medium(untreated)or EGF(50 ng/ml)in the presence or absence of 10 M PD-168393.After 24 h in culture,EGF-treated hepatocytes were spread,and their cell surface increased compared with untreated cells.Hepatocytes treated with EGF in the prese
13、nce of PD-168393 were spheroid and resembled control cells with or without PD-168393.Magnification,100.大鼠心肌细胞的培养大鼠心肌细胞的培养 新生大鼠鼠龄的选择新生大鼠鼠龄的选择 新生大鼠心肌细胞在出生后3d内具有部分的增殖能力,成年大鼠心肌细胞则为终末分化细胞,不再具有分裂增殖能力.因此,大鼠出生时间越短,其心肌细胞分离后成活率越高,越容易贴壁生长.大量观测表明,选择13 d龄大鼠分离其心肌细胞进行原代培养较为理想.其中尤以半日龄大鼠心肌细胞培养效果最佳.神经细胞分散培养神经细胞分散培养 (
14、一)(一)选材选材 常用胚胎动物或新生鼠神经组织。鸡胚常用胚龄6-8d,新生鼠或胎鼠(12-14d)或人胚胎。不过也有认为与组织相关。如大白鼠胚胎以19d为宜,小鼠以18d为宜,大鼠纹状体以10d为宜;若纹状体与黑质联合培养的大鼠胚,则黑质以13d,纹状体18-21d为宜;小脑以20-21d小鼠胚胎,所获蒲氏细胞成活率高,颗粒细胞正在分化;脊髓与DRG联合培养,常用4-7d鸡胚或12-14d小鼠胚胎,取材易,神经成活率高。(二)取材。脑则取出相应组织,在解剖液中先剪碎,以使胰酶消化。脊髓则固定于琼脂板上,用小刀将其要成背腹两侧,分别培养。(三)细胞分离与接种。神经组织用0.125-0.25%胰
15、蛋白酶在37孵育30min,移入接种液,停止消化,并洗去胰蛋白酶液,用细口吸管吹打细胞悬液,使其充分分散,如此多次,待沉淀后吸出上层细胞悬液,计数,预置细胞密度,接种于培养皿(1106),做电生理应为5105或更低。(四)抑制胶质细胞生长。培养3-5d后,也有人认为培养7d后,用阿糖胞苷,或5-FU抑制神经胶质细胞的生长。(五)观察。接种6-12h,开始贴壁,并有集合现象,细胞生长突起明显,5-7d胶质细胞增生明显,7-10d胶质细胞成片于神经细胞下面,形成地毯,2周时神经细胞生长最丰满,四周晕光明显,一个月后,有些神经细胞开始退化,变形,甚至出现空泡,一般培养2-4周最宜。但神经细胞只能增大
16、,而不能增殖,只能原代,不能传代,不会有细胞周期,而且随培养时间的延长,细胞数量在下降,但胶质细胞可以,神经胶质细胞也可以。在培养过程中,早期9-12d时,有较多的神经细胞死亡,这是第一次死亡阶段,应注意保持条件的恒定。在此之后存活下去的细胞一般突起长而多,且相互形成突触。Neuronal culture 1.Rat pups aged l-l 5 d,were killed by cervical dislocation.2.Cortex placed in Earles balanced salt solution (BSS)at 37C.and cut into 500 urn slices 3.Slices of visual cortex were incubated at 37C with gentle stirring in 10 ml of enzyme solution 4.After 1.5 hr.the slices were rinsed briefly with Earles BSS containing BSA,1 mg/ml.5.The slices we