1、*基金项目:省部共建重点实验室基金项目(编号:SKL-HIDCA 2021-6、SKL-HIDCA 2021-47、SKL-HIDCA-2022-44)*通信作者:龚忠诚,E-mail:gump0904aliyuncom舌鳞状细胞癌患者放疗期间发生口腔感染的模型预测及验证*张洋1,陈媛2,赵化荣1,刘攀1,宿伟鹏1,龚忠诚3*(1新疆医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤中心新疆乌鲁木齐830054;2乌鲁木齐市中医医院检验科新疆乌鲁木齐830054;3新疆医科大学第一附属医院颌面肿瘤外科新疆乌鲁木齐830054)摘要 目的:探讨舌鳞状细胞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染的危险因素,旨在建立并验证一种预测舌鳞状细胞癌
2、患者放疗期间口腔感染发生率的可视化评价工具。方法:收集 20032022 年于新疆医科大学第一附属医院就诊的431 例放疗的舌鳞癌患者,按 21 的比例随机分为模型组(n=288)和验证组(n=143)。收集患者一般资料。通过单因素及多因素 Logistic 回归分析进一步探讨并建立列线图预测模型,并由验证组评估舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染列线图预测模型的可行性。用受试者工作特征(OC)曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线和决策曲线(DCA)分析模型的鉴别能力、准确性和临床实用性。结果:模型组 288 例放疗舌鳞癌患者中无感染者 246 例,感染者 42 例。单因素结合多因素 Logistic 回归分
3、析结果显示,年龄60 岁,肿瘤分期 IIIIV 期,口腔环境差,未手术,血清白蛋白低,血红蛋白低是舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。DCA 显示当患者阈值概率为 00.7,使用列线图预测模型预测舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染风险的净收益更高。结论:年龄,肿瘤分期,口腔环境,手术,血红蛋白,血清白蛋白是舌鳞癌患者放疗期间发生口腔感染的独立危险因素,基于预测因素建立的列线图模型具有较好的预测效能,有助于个体化评价舌鳞癌患者放疗期间发生口腔感染风险,及时做好防御工作。关键词 舌鳞状细胞癌;放疗;口腔感染;列线图;预测模型 中图分类号 7398 文献标识码 Adoi:10.3969/
4、jissn1003-1634.2023.06.012Model prediction and validation of oral infection during radiotherapy in patients with tongue squamous cellcarcinomaZHANG Yang1,CHEN Yuan2,ZHAO Hua-rong1,LLU Pan1,SU Wei-peng1,GONG Zhong-cheng3*1OncologyCenter,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Xin
5、jiang Urumqi 830054,China;2Department of Laborato-ry Medicine,Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xinjiang Urumqi 830054,China;3Oncology Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Xinjiang Urumqi 830054,China AbstractObjective:To
6、 investigate the risk factors of oral infection during radiotherapy in tongue squamous cellcarcinoma patients,with the aim of establishing and validating a visual evaluation tool to predict the incidence of oral infectionduring radiotherapy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patientsMethods:Totally 4
7、31 tongue squamous cell carcinoma pa-tients who attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University for radiotherapy from 2003 to 2022 were col-lected,and the patients were randomly divided into model group(n=288)and validation group(n=143)according to a 21ratioGeneral information
8、of the patients was collectedThe feasibility of the predictive model for oral infection during radio-therapy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients was further explored and established by one-way and multi-way logisticregression analysis,and the validation group assessed the feasibility of the p
9、redictive model for oral infection during radiother-apyThe discriminatory ability,accuracy and clinical usefulness of the model were analyzed using subject operating character-istic(OC)area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve and decision curve(DCA)esults:Of 288 patients with radiother-apy tongue
10、 squamous cell carcinoma in the model group,246 were free of infection and 42 were infectedUnivariate combinedwith multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that age 60 years,tumor stage IIIIV,poor oral environment,no sur-gery,low serum albumin,and low hemoglobin were independent risk facto
11、rs for oral infection during radiotherapy in patientswith t tongue squamous cell carcinoma(P0.05)DCA showed that when the threshold probability of patients was 00.7,theprediction model using column line graph predicted that patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma,the net benefit of pre-dicting
12、the risk of oral infection during radiotherapy was higherConclusion:Age,tumor stage,oral environment,surgery,he-263临床口腔医学杂志 2023 年 6 月第 39 卷第 6 期J Clin Stomatol,Jun.2023,Vol.39,No.6moglobin,and serum albumin are independent risk factors for oral infection during radiotherapy in tongue squamous cell
13、carci-noma patients,and the column line graph model based on the predictors has better predictive efficacy,which is helpful for in-dividualized evaluation of the risk of oral infection during radiotherapy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients and timelydefense Key words Tongue squamous cell car
14、cinoma;adiotherapy;Oral infection;Nomogram;Prediction model舌癌是头颈部恶性肿瘤中最常见的一种,发病率呈上升趋势,且年轻患者的比例逐渐上升,易发生肿瘤复发和转移,舌癌的主要治疗方法是手术和放化疗1,2。放射性黏膜炎,口腔感染,口腔干燥等是患者放疗期间常见的临床问题,如何能降低患者口腔感染风险,是治疗过程中关注的问题之一3-6,大多数的研究探讨口腔肿瘤与口腔感染间的危险因素分析,未能构建有效的预测模型7-9。本文拟构建舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染的预测模型,旨在评估舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染风险,以期为口腔感染的预判提供参考。资料和方法1研
15、究对象选取 2003 年 1 月2022 年 12 月期间于新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受放疗的舌鳞状细胞癌患者 431 例。纳入标准:经病理学明确诊断为舌鳞状细胞癌;首次接受放疗,行根治性放疗或术后辅助放疗;临床资料完整;放疗前无口腔感染。排除标准:合并严重心功能不全,肝肾功能不全等或合并其他恶性肿瘤疾病;放疗前 1 月内服用影响口腔感染的药物,如使用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂及抗菌药物等。将入组患者按 21 的比例随机分为模型组和验证组,模型组用于构建预测模型,验证组用于模型效果评价。模型组 288 例,男 150 例,女 138 例,年龄 2587岁;验证组 143 例,男 71 例,女 72
16、 例,年龄 3385 岁。2治疗方法放疗:取仰卧位,颈肩架固定,使用 CT 模拟机扫描定位,根据 CT 扫描图像勾画靶区和危及器官。采用瓦里安直线加速器(VAIAN CX-SN4913,瓦里安医疗系统公司,美国)X 线照射进行适形放射治疗或调强放射治疗,总剂量 6066 Gy,2.0 Gy/f,1次/d,每周放疗 5 次。当放疗总剂量超过 30 Gy,患者口腔出现疼痛,合并出现片状黏膜炎、融合的黏膜炎、溃疡时,进行口腔病原学检测。经口腔病原学检测阳性的患者判断为口腔感染。3研究方案根据放疗期间口腔感染与否,分为口腔感染组与未感染组,对入组患者的指标进行统计学分析:性别,年龄,教育水平,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),肿瘤分期,高血压,糖尿病,吸烟,饮酒,口腔环境,是否手术,同步化疗(放疗开始时进行同期化疗),Kamofsky 评分(70 分者生活可自理,但不能维持正常生活;70 分者生活需要他人不同程度的帮助),白细胞计数,中性粒细胞计数,血红蛋白,红细胞计数,血清白蛋白等。4统计学方法计数数据用百分比表示。使用2检验分析验证组中影响舌鳞癌患者放疗期间口腔感染风