1、第 48 卷 第 2期2 0 2 3 年 2 月Vol.48 No.2Feb.2 0 2 3地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.151中国近海古近纪碎屑岩储层特征与溶蚀作用规律吴克强,谢晓军,廖计华,韩雅坤中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京 100028摘要:随着中国近海浅层(新近系为主)勘探程度日益增加,中深层(古近系为主)特别是始新统和渐新统是未来油气勘探的重要领域之一.然而,针对中国近海中深层碎屑岩储层特征及溶蚀作用规律尚缺乏系统研究.基于大量新钻井、物性数据及多种分析测试等,以辽中凹陷、西湖凹陷和白云凹陷为靶区
2、,系统阐明了中国近海古近纪碎屑岩储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙类型,分析并总结了其溶蚀作用规律.研究表明:中国近海古近纪砂岩储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩或岩屑长石砂岩为主,同一凹陷不同构造的岩性差异明显,不同层位石英、岩屑含量略有变化;储层物性主体为中低孔低渗,中高孔渗储层主要发育在辽中凹陷沙一二段和白云凹陷珠海组上段;孔隙类型均以次生孔隙为主,原生孔隙仅在西湖凹陷平湖斜坡北侧、辽中凹陷沙四段和白云凹陷珠海组上段较为发育.溶蚀作用整体以酸性流体对长石、连生方解石和部分岩屑的溶蚀为主.辽中凹陷不同构造溶蚀作用差异明显,受浅埋深火山岩母岩与中深层刚性母岩控制的砂岩储层溶蚀作用显著,而西湖凹陷西斜坡平湖组
3、一段-平湖组三段则为早期连生方解石溶蚀,白云凹陷溶蚀作用主要为长石的高岭石化和高岭石的伊利石化.研究旨在为中国近海古近纪碎屑岩储层勘探开发提供借鉴.关键词:中国近海;古近纪碎屑岩;储层特征;溶蚀作用;深层勘探;石油地质.中图分类号:TE122.3 文章编号:1000-2383(2023)02-385-13 收稿日期:2022-10-30The Rules of Reservoir Characteristics and Dissolution of Paleogene Clastic Rocks in Offshore ChinaWu Keqiang,Xie Xiaojun,Liao Jihu
4、a,Han YakunCNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100028,ChinaAbstract:With the increasing exploration degree of shallow formations(mainly Meogene)in offshore China,middledeep buried formations(mainly Paleogene),especially the Eocene and Oligocene,is one of the important exploration targets in th
5、e future.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on the characteristics and dissolution of the middledeep clastic reservoirs in offshore China.In this paper,Liaozhong sag,Xihu sag and Baiyun sag were taken as target areas.Based on a large number of new drilling,physical property data an
6、d various tests,the petrological characteristics,physical property and pore types of paleogene clastic reservoirs in offshore China were systematically elucidated,and their dissolution regularities were analyzed and summarized.The results show that the Paleogene sandstone reservoirs in offshore Chin
7、a were mainly composed of feldsparlithic sandstone or lithicfeldspar sandstone.Different structures and lithology varied significantly in the same sag,and the content of quartz and lithic varied slightly in different layers.The reservoir was mainly mediumlow porosity and low permeability,and mediumh
8、igh porosity and permeability reservoirs are mainly developed in the first and second member of Shahejie Formation and the upper member of 基金项目:国家“十三五”科技重大专项(No.2016ZX05026);中海石油(中国)有限公司重大科研生产项目“中国近海富烃凹陷深层(含潜山)大中型油气田勘探方向”(No.2019KTSC22).作者简介:吴克强(1970-),男,教授级高级工程师,主要从事中国近海油气勘探综合研究.Email:引用格式:吴克强,谢晓军,
9、廖计华,韩雅坤,2023.中国近海古近纪碎屑岩储层特征与溶蚀作用规律.地球科学,48(2):385-397.Citation:Wu Keqiang,Xie Xiaojun,Liao Jihua,Han Yakun,2023.The Rules of Reservoir Characteristics and Dissolution of Paleogene Clastic Rocks in Offshore China.Earth Science,48(2):385-397.第 48 卷地球科学 http:/Zhuhai Formation of Baiyun Sag.The primary
10、pores only developed in the north of Pinghu slope in Xihu Sag,the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Liaozhong Sag and the upper member of Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag.The dissolution of feldspar,calcite and part of fragments was mainly by acidic fluid.The dissolution in Liaozhong Sag varied m
11、arkedly between different formations,with significant dissolution in sandstone reservoirs controlled by shallowburied deep volcanic host rocks and mediumdeep rigid host rocks,while the West Slope of the Xihu Sag showed early succession calcite dissolution in a section of the Pinghu Formation and thr
12、ee sections of the Pinghu Formation,and the Baiyun Sag dissolution was mainly kaolinization of feldspar and illite lithification of kaolinite.This study aims to provide reference for exploration and development of paleogene clastic reservoirs in offshore China.Key words:Offshore China;Paleogene clas
13、tic rocks;reservoir characteristics;dissolution;deep exploration;petroleum geology.0 引言 随着中国近海浅层(新近系为主)勘探程度的日益升高,中深层(古近系为主)特别是始新统和渐新统逐渐成为未来油气勘探的重要领域之一.然而,随着深度的增加,储层压实(机械和化学作用)、胶结等成岩作用逐渐加强,储层物性逐渐变差,而胶结物和骨架颗粒溶蚀是深部储层重要成孔因素,溶蚀次生孔隙是中深部储层的重要储集空间(Taylor et al.,2010;Lai et al.,2015;Zhang et al.,2015),溶蚀作用特征
14、与控制因素、展布规律对于中深部储层勘探具有重要意义.公开发表的文献中,专门针对中国近海中深层储层的研究成果主要集中在储层预测技术等方面(徐长贵等,2005;谢晓军等,2021;姚光庆等,2021),有关中国近海中深层储层的溶蚀作用发生规律研究鲜有报道.中国近海石油和天然气发现主要集中在渤海盆地、东海盆地、珠江口盆地、琼东南盆地、北部湾盆地和莺歌海盆地(图 1).始新世和渐新世是盆地第二裂陷幕和第三裂陷幕发生时期,有陆相、海陆过渡相和海相断陷发育,陆相主要发育在渤海盆地,海陆过渡相主要发育在东海盆地和南海北部,海相主要发育在南海北部(张功成,2016).本文以渤海盆地辽中凹陷沙河街组(始新统和下
15、渐新统)、东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖组(始新统)和珠江口盆地白云凹陷恩平组与珠海组(渐新统)分别作为陆相、海陆过渡相和海相沉积环境的代表,在前人研究的基础上,结合新的钻井及各类分析测试数据,系统探讨中国近海始新世和渐新世碎屑岩储层的特征和溶蚀作用的发育规律,以期为中国近海中深层碎屑岩优质储层的分布预测及油气勘探发挥一定的理论与现实意义.1 研究区概况与研究现状 1.1辽中凹陷辽中凹陷位于渤海湾盆地东北部辽东湾区的中部,面积约 4 300 km2.次一级构造单元呈 NE 走向,其西面与辽西低凸起以缓坡形式逐渐过渡,东面则为陡坡带与辽东凸起接触,具有明显的东断西超的箕状断陷特征,是已证实的富生烃凹陷(柳
16、永军等,2015)(图 1).蒋恕等(2007)对辽中凹陷东营组和部分沙一、二段储层的主控因素、成岩作用与孔隙演化、质量评价等方面做过研究,认为东营组和部分沙一、二段发育两个主要次生孔隙带分别对应于早成岩期和晚成岩期次生孔隙发育带,主要形成于岩屑长石砂岩中长石、碳酸盐岩胶结物和岩屑的溶蚀,同时超压和早期油气充注对储层有一定保护;刘恩然等(2014)对某构造的沙一、二段层序地层与沉积相开展过研究;宛良伟等(2020)探讨沙二段富砂带的不同类型;金凤鸣等(2018)研究沙三段断裂对沉积的控制作用;王清斌等(2012)针对某油气构造沙四段的储层物性影响因素开展分析;王冰洁等(2019)研究了 JZ20 油田超压对储层物性的影响.上述可以看出,前人研究一般是仅限局部构造或沙河街组的个别层段,对沙河街组储层的溶蚀作用缺乏系统性研究.1.2西湖凹陷西湖凹陷位于东海盆地浙东坳陷内的富生烃凹陷,面积约5.2104 km2.次一级构造单元呈NE走向,自西向东分别是东部断阶带、东次凹、中央反转构造带、西次凹和西部斜坡带(图1).目前油气发现主要集中在中央反转构造带的花港组及以上地层和西部斜坡带花港组与平湖