1、2023 年 2 月第 44 卷第 1 期河南工业大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Henan University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)Feb.2023Vol.44 No.1收稿日期:2022-03-16基金项目:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-03);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32001745);中国科协第五届青年人才托举工程项目(2019QNRC001)作者简介:周显青(1964),男,江西吉水人,博士,教授,研究方向为谷物科学及产后加工与利用。通信作者:张咚咚,博士,副教授,E-ma
2、il:。响应面法优化臭氧处理玉米的杀菌工艺周显青,宋慧玲,张咚咚河南工业大学 粮油食品学院 粮食储藏与安全教育部工程研究中心 河南省粮食产后减损工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450001摘要:玉米作为我国食品和饲料工业重要的原料之一,含有丰富的营养物质,储藏不当极易引起微生物的快速生长繁殖,直接威胁其储藏安全。为了保障玉米及其加工制品的安全储藏与可食用性,基于臭氧对微生物的杀灭作用,以杀菌率为响应指标,通过单因素试验确定了不同臭氧处理条件的合适水平,并采用响应面法优化确定了臭氧处理玉米的最佳工艺条件,同时监测了臭氧处理前后的玉米主要品质指标变化情况。结果表明:影响杀菌率的因素从大到小为臭氧处理
3、量、玉米处理量、臭氧处理时间;臭氧处理时间与玉米处理量交互作用显著(P 0.01);臭氧处理玉米的最佳杀菌工艺为臭氧处理量188.32 mg/m3、臭氧处理时间 24 min、玉米处理量 467 g,此条件下臭氧的杀菌率为 82.28%,且对玉米主要品质指标无明显影响。臭氧处理作为一种绿色安全的储粮防霉技术手段,研究结果可为玉米的安全储藏和臭氧的实仓应用提供数据依据。关键词:臭氧处理;玉米;杀菌;工艺优化中图分类号:TS210文献标志码:A文章编号:1673-2383(2023)01-0097-07DOI:10.16433/j.1673-2383.2023.01.013Optimization
4、 of sterilization process of corn treated with ozone by response surface methodologyZHOU Xianqing,SONG Huiling,ZHANG DongdongCollege of Food Science and Engineering,Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Security of Min-istry of Education,Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Ce
5、nter on Grain Post Harvest,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,ChinaAbstract:As one of the important raw materials of Chinas food industry and feed industry,corn is rich in nutrients.Improper storage is easy to cause rapid growth and reproduction of microorganisms,which direct-ly threate
6、ns storage safety.Therefore,it is urgent to explore an efficient,green and environmentally friend-ly method to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms during corn storage.Ozone can be used for killing microorganisms in grain storage due to its pollution-free,low cost,high sterilization
7、 efficiency,broad-spectrum and other characteristics.In this work,the sterilization rate was set as the response index,the appropriate level of different ozone treatment conditions was determined through single factor test,and the optimal sterilization process conditions of ozone treated corn were o
8、ptimized by response surface meth-od.Meanwhile,the changes of main quality indexes of corn before and after ozone treatment were moni-tored.The results showed that the factors affecting ozone sterilization rate were ozone treatment capacity,corn treatment capacity and ozone treatment time.The intera
9、ction between ozone treatment time and corn 河南工业大学学报(自然科学版)2023 年treatment capacity was significant(P 0.01).Based on the response surface test results of ozone steriliza-tion rate and regression equation analysis,the mathematical model of the relationship between the sterilization rate and ozone tre
10、atment capacity,ozone treatment time,corn treatment capacity was established.The analy-sis showed that the determination coefficient R2 of the regression equation was 0.992 4,indicating that the equation was significant and the response surface model fitted well,and the optimized sterilization proce
11、ss parameters obtained could be used for the sterilization process research of ozone treated corn.The optimized sterilization conditions of ozone treatment on corn were as follows:ozone treatment capacity 188.32 mg/m3,ozone treatment time 24 min and corn treatment capacity 467 g,and under this condi
12、tion,the sterilization rate of ozone was 82.28%,and the comparative study before and after ozone treatment showed that the optimized ozone sterilization process had no significant effect on the main quality indexes of corn.Ozone is a green and safe technology for grain storage and mildew prevention.
13、The results of this study can provide a data basis for the safe storage of corn and the real warehouse application of ozone.Key words:ozone treatment;corn;sterilization;process optimization玉米作为我国主要的粮食作物,是轻工食品业和畜牧业重要的原料来源。玉米籽粒具有胚部大、新收获水分高、吸湿性强等特点,在储藏过程中,尤其在高温高湿储藏环境下易受到微生物侵害,微生物的大量繁殖直接导致玉米的品质下降,使其储藏品质
14、的稳定性变差,从而危害人畜健康。因此,探究一种高效、绿色环保的方法抑制玉米储藏过程中的微生物生长繁殖是目前亟须解决的问题。臭氧作为一种强氧化剂,在 3060 min 内可以迅速分解成氧气,绿色无污染,本身的强氧化性可以通过改变微生物中细胞膜的通透性从而达到抑菌的效果。国内外学者关于臭氧处理在粮食产后的应用研究中,主要探讨了臭氧处理对小麦粉中微生物死亡率、鲜面条货架期、小麦粉理化性质和熟面条质构特性1的影响。研究了臭氧处理对小麦2、油菜籽3和稻谷4-6储藏期间理化指标,以及霉菌和储藏稳定性指标的影响。关于臭氧处理对玉米表面微生物杀灭效果的影响,以及处理前后玉米品质的变化等方面的研究鲜有报道。基于
15、此,作者研究了臭氧处理量、臭氧处理时间、玉米处理量对储藏后玉米表面微生物杀灭效果的影响,对臭氧处理玉米的杀菌工艺进行优化,可为玉米臭氧储藏实仓应用提供依据。1材料与方法1.1材料与试剂2020 年产的同批次郑单 958 玉米(容重为732 g/L,水分含量为 11.20%):河南省郑州市农贸市场。平板计数培养基:北京市奥博星生物技术有限公司;KOH、NaCl:洛阳市化学试剂厂;百里香酚蓝、酚酞:天津市天新精细化工开发中心;无水乙醇、95%乙醇:分析纯,天津市津东天正精细化学试剂厂;硫酸锌、盐酸、亚铁氰化钾:分析纯,无锡市晶科化工有限公司。1.2仪器与设备JSFM-I 水分磨:杭州大吉光电仪器有
16、限公司;LF-820Y 臭氧发生器、臭氧浓度检测仪:郑州良丰环保科技有限公司;DNP-9082 恒温恒湿培养箱:上海精胜科学仪器有限公司;BKQ-B50II立式高压蒸汽灭菌锅:济南欧莱博电子商务有限公司;JXFM110 锤式旋风磨:杭州大吉光电仪器有限公司;XQ-600 脂肪酸值滴定仪:河南精迈仪器仪表有限公司;柯尼卡美能达 CR-10plus 色差计:青岛科睿德仪器有限公司;SGWZZ-3 大角度恒温自动旋光仪:广州沪瑞明仪器有限公司;便携式电导率仪:济南欧莱博科学仪器有限公司。1.3试验方法1.3.1玉米前处理水分调节:将 50 kg 玉米样品平摊在薄膜上,分堆用喷雾法将水分调至 16%左右,并在润麦器中旋转搅拌 30 min,然后于 4 冰箱中放置 24 h,测得最终水分为 16.02%。模拟储藏:将经水分调节后的玉米样品装入透气的纱布袋中,每袋约 5 kg,共 10 袋,分别放入35 、RH 70%的恒温恒湿箱中模拟储藏 21 d,之后置于 4 冰箱存放。1.3.2臭氧杀菌处理工艺试验臭氧处理模拟装置见图 1。为避免外界温度89第 44 卷第 1 期周显青,等:响应面法优化臭氧
