1、-70-中医药研究 Zhongyiyaoyanjiu 中国医学创新第 20 卷 第 5 期(总第 611 期)2023 年 2月Medical Innovation of China Vol.20,No.5 February,2023*基金项目:无锡市中医药管理局科技项目(ZYKJ202019)江苏省无锡市锡山人民医院江苏无锡214000通信作者:朱念华双间隙挂线引流联合自拟清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴治疗肛周脓肿的效果评价*史瑞霞朱念华华浩耿俊【摘要】目的:评价双间隙挂线引流联合自拟清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴治疗肛周脓肿的效果。方法:将 2020 年 1 月-2021 年 6 月在无锡市锡山人民医院治
2、疗的 64 例肛周脓肿患者随机分为标准组和挂线组,各 32 例,分别择期行标准切开引流、双间隙挂线引流,术后均予以自拟清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴。对两组的临床疗效、感染控制时间、创面愈合时间、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、围手术期并发症、术后成瘘率和肛瘘类型进行对比。结果:挂线组临床总有效率高于标准组(P0.05)。与标准组比较,挂线组感染控制时间和创面愈合时间均明显更短(P0.05);术后 3、7、14 d,两组 VAS 评分均较术后 1 d 明显降低,且挂线组评分均低于同期标准组(P0.05)。挂线组围手术期并发症发生率低于标准组(P0.05);挂线组主要为括约肌间肛瘘(43.75%),标准组
3、主要为经括约肌肛瘘(81.25%),两组括约肌间肛瘘、经括约肌肛瘘发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(2=9.062、14.414,P0.05)。结论:双间隙挂线引流联合自拟清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴,能够减轻术后疼痛,促进创面愈合,降低复杂型肛瘘的形成。【关键词】肛周脓肿双间隙挂线引流清热消肿止痛方括约肌间肛瘘经括约肌肛瘘Effect Evaluation of Double-gap Thread Hanging Drainage Combined with Self-made Qingre Xiaozhong Zhitong Formula Fumigation and Sitz Bath in
4、the Treatment of Perianal Abscess/SHI Ruixia,ZHU Nianhua,HUA Hao,GENG Jun./Medical Innovation of China,2023,20(05):070-073AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of double-gap thread hanging drainage combined with self-made Qingre Xiaozhong Zhitong Formula fumigation and sitz bath in the treatment
5、of perianal abscess.Method:A total of 64 patients with perianal abscess treated in Wuxi Xishan Peoples Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were randomly divided into standard group and thread hanging group,with 32 cases in each group,and was respectively treated with standard incision and draina
6、ge,double-gap thread hanging drainage.All patients were given self-made Qingre Xiaozhong Zhitong Formula fumigation and sitz bath after operation.The clinical efficacy,infection control time,wound healing time,visual analog scale(VAS)score,perioperative complications,fistula rate and anal fistula ty
7、pe of the two groups were compared.Result:The total clinical effective rate of the thread hanging group was higher than that of the standard group(P0.05).Compared with the standard group,the infection control time and wound healing time in the thread hanging group were significantly shorter(P0.05).1
8、 day after operation,there was no significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups(P0.05).3,7 and 14 days after operation,the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than that of the 1 day after operation,and the scores of the thread hanging group were lower than those of th
9、e standard group(P0.05).The incidence of perioperative complications in the thread hanging group was lower than that in the standard group(P0.05).The main type of anal fistula in the thread hanging group was inter sphincter anal fistula(43.75%),and that in the standard group was trans sphincter anal
10、 fistula(81.25%),the incidence rates of intersphincter anal fistula and transsphincter anal fistula were statistically significant between the two groups(2=9.062,14.414,P0.05).Conclusion:Double-gap thread hanging drainage combined with self-made Qingre Xiaozhong Zhitong Formula fumigation and sitz b
11、ath can relieve postoperative pain,promote wound healing and reduce the formation of complex anal fistula.-71-中国医学创新第 20 卷 第 5 期(总第 611 期)2023 年 2月中医药研究 ZhongyiyaoyanjiuMedical Innovation of China Vol.20,No.5 February,2023肛周脓肿是肛肠科常见病,是肛门直肠周围软组织或间隙发生感染所致。切开引流是医治肛周脓肿的标准方式。该术式虽能快速排出脓液,但无法及时有效地处理原发病灶和引流
12、括约肌间隙感染物,术后容易复发和形成复杂肛瘘,而二次手术易引起肛门括约肌损伤1。近年来术后肛门功能的保护越来越受到临床医生和患者的重视。双间隙挂线疗法能够有效地处理原发病灶和受累间隙,保护肛门括约肌,减少形成复杂肛瘘的概率,体现了“拔根塞源”与“护肛温存”的思想2。中医理论认为,肛周脓肿属于“肛痈”范畴,湿热内生、气血瘀滞为其基本病机3。术后如果采用清热解毒、消肿止痛的中药熏洗坐浴,能够有效促进创面愈合,减少疼痛。笔者以 64 例肛周脓肿患者为研究对象,采用双间隙挂线引流联合自拟清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴治疗,效果确切。现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料将 64 例于 2020 年 1 月-2
13、021 年 6 月在无锡市锡山人民医院治疗的肛周脓肿患者纳入研究。纳入标准:符合文献 4 中关于坐骨直肠窝脓肿的诊断标准;符合火毒炽盛型肛痈诊断5;首次住院治疗;年龄 1865 岁。排除标准:心肺肝肾功能、凝血功能障碍;糖尿病、血液病、自身免疫病等;妊娠期或哺乳期女性;精神异常不能配合治疗;合并骨盆直肠间隙脓肿。将患者按随机数字表法分为标准组和挂线组,各 32 例。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。患者本人知晓本项研究内容,并签署了知情同意书。1.2方法标准组行标准切开引流。具体如下:术前完善肛门指检、肛门镜检查和肛周 B 超检查,确认脓肿范围大小。清洁灌肠,椎管内麻醉,采用折刀位,在 B
14、超定位指导下切开皮肤及皮下组织,打开脓肿受累间隙,排尽脓液,凡士林纱布条填充。挂线组行双间隙挂线引流。具体如下:术前完善肛门指检、肛门镜检查和盆腔 MRI 检查。清洁灌肠,椎管内麻醉,采用折刀位,从肌间入路切开皮肤及皮下组织,打开原发灶,再用血管钳或手指沿脓肿播散途径探查,打开最终受累间隙,两间隙间穿入橡皮筋予虚挂引流。两组术后均采用清热消肿止痛方熏洗坐浴,每日便后熏洗坐浴 1 次,组方:玄明粉、蒲公英、槐花、马齿苋各 30 g,地榆、白芷各20 g,五倍子、地丁草各 15 g,桃仁 12 g、延胡索10 g。每日坐浴之后创面换药,直至愈合。1.3观察指标及判定标准1.3.1疗效评价术后 3
15、个月进行评价。痊愈:症状体征消失,创面愈合;有效:创面缩小,仍有流脓流水等症状或无明显症状,查体或辅助检查提示形成括约肌间肛瘘;无效:创面缩小,仍有流脓流水等症状,查体或辅助检查提示形成经括约肌肛瘘或括约肌上肛瘘。总有效率=(痊愈+有效)例数/总例数 100%。1.3.2感染控制和创面愈合时间记录患者感染控制时间,创面愈合时间。创面红肿,有脓性渗出,跳痛感强烈,则考虑创面感染。1.3.3视觉模拟评分法(VAS)用 VAS 评价术前和术后 1、3、7、14 d 的疼痛程度,0 分为无痛,13 分为轻度疼痛,46 分为中度疼痛,710 分为重度疼痛6。1.3.4围手术期并发症术后,记录切口感染、出
16、血、水肿和肛门失禁的发生情况。1.3.5成瘘率和肛瘘类型术后,记录括约肌间肛瘘、经括约肌肛瘘和括约肌上肛瘘的发生情况,计算成瘘率。1.4统计学处理用 SPSS 22.0 软件分析数据。计量资料以(x-s)表示,组间采用独立样本 t 检验,组内采用配对 t 检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用 2检验或 Fisher 精确概率计算。P0.05),具有可比性。2.2两组临床疗效对比挂线组临床总有效率高于Key wordsPerianal abscessDouble-gap thread hanging drainageQingre Xiaozhong Zhitong FormulaInter sphincter anal fistula Trans sphincter anal fistulaFirst-authors address:Wuxi Xishan Peoples Hospital,Jiangsu Province,Wuxi 214000,Chinadoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.05.016-72-中医药研究 Zhongyiyaoyanjiu