1、第 48 卷第 1 期2023 年 1 月环境科学与管理ENVIONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENTVol.48 No.1Jan 2023收稿日期:收稿日期:2022 11 142022 11 14基金项目:基金项目:宣城市宣城市 20202020 年市科技计划面上攻关项目(年市科技计划面上攻关项目(XCKJ20 031XCKJ20 031)作者简介:作者简介:巫方才(巫方才(1975 1975 ),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向:环境监测),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向:环境监测、环评环评、应急及环境工程(规划与管理)应急及环境工程(规划与管理)。文章编号:文章编号:
2、1674 61391674 6139(20232023)01 0140 0401 0140 04水生生物对养猪废水降解效果对比研究水生生物对养猪废水降解效果对比研究巫方才巫方才(宣城市生态环境监测站,安徽 宣城(宣城市生态环境监测站,安徽 宣城 242000242000)摘要:摘要:为探讨水生生物对养猪废水的降解效果,文章选取安徽省某养猪场的沼液废水为研究对象,设计了试验装置,废水从沼气池中接管后依次流经生物基质池和生物塘,在生物塘中分别种植美人蕉为探讨水生生物对养猪废水的降解效果,文章选取安徽省某养猪场的沼液废水为研究对象,设计了试验装置,废水从沼气池中接管后依次流经生物基质池和生物塘,在生
3、物塘中分别种植美人蕉、苦草苦草、狐尾藻和芦苇四种水生生物,监测了装置运行狐尾藻和芦苇四种水生生物,监测了装置运行 10 d10 d、20 d20 d、30 d30 d 和和 40 d40 d 生物基质池和生物塘中生物基质池和生物塘中 TPTP、CODCOD、氨氮和氨氮和 SSSS 的含量,计算出了四种水生生物对各污染物的去除率,结果表明:狐尾藻对养猪废水中的含量,计算出了四种水生生物对各污染物的去除率,结果表明:狐尾藻对养猪废水中 CODCOD 去除效果最好,其次是苦草,去除率均在去除效果最好,其次是苦草,去除率均在 80%80%以上;四种植物中对养猪废水中以上;四种植物中对养猪废水中 SSS
4、S 去除率均在去除率均在 80%80%以上;芦苇对养猪废水中氨氮去除效果最好,在以上;芦苇对养猪废水中氨氮去除效果最好,在 70%70%以上以上。关键词:关键词:沼液废水;水生生物;去除率;生物基质池沼液废水;水生生物;去除率;生物基质池中图分类号:中图分类号:X830X830文献标志码:文献标志码:BComparative Study on Degradation Effect of Aquatic Organisms on Pig WastewaterWu FangcaiBComparative Study on Degradation Effect of Aquatic Organism
5、s on Pig WastewaterWu Fangcai(Xuancheng Ecological Environment Law Enforcement Monitoring StationXuancheng Ecological Environment Law Enforcement Monitoring Station,Xuancheng 242000Xuancheng 242000,ChinaChina)AbstractAbstract:In order to explore the degradation effect of aquatic organisms on pig was
6、tewaterIn order to explore the degradation effect of aquatic organisms on pig wastewater,this paper selects the biogas slur-ry wastewater from a pig farm in Yingtan Citythis paper selects the biogas slur-ry wastewater from a pig farm in Yingtan City,Jiangxi Province as the research object and design
7、s a test device CannabisJiangxi Province as the research object and designs a test device Cannabis,bittergrassbittergrass,foxtail algae and reeds were planted in the biological ponds The TPfoxtail algae and reeds were planted in the biological ponds The TP,CODCOD,ammonia nitrogen and SS in the biolo
8、gical ma-trix pools and biological ponds were monitored for 10 dammonia nitrogen and SS in the biological ma-trix pools and biological ponds were monitored for 10 d,20 d20 d,30 d30 d,and 40 d Content calculated the removal rate of each pollu-tant by four aquatic organismsand 40 d Content calculated
9、the removal rate of each pollu-tant by four aquatic organisms,and the results showed thatand the results showed that:Myriophyllum aquaticum had the best removal effect on COD in pigwastewaterMyriophyllum aquaticum had the best removal effect on COD in pigwastewater,followed by bitter grassfollowed b
10、y bitter grass,with removal rates above 80%The removal effect of SS in swine wastewater was very goodamong the four plantswith removal rates above 80%The removal effect of SS in swine wastewater was very goodamong the four plants,and the removal rates were all above 80%Among themand the removal rate
11、s were all above 80%Among them,the bitter grass had the best effectthe bitter grass had the best effect,followed bymyriophyllum The removal rate of SS by these two plants Both are above 90%eed has the best effect on ammonia nitrogen re-moval in pig wastewater with a removal rate of more than 70%foll
12、owed bymyriophyllum The removal rate of SS by these two plants Both are above 90%eed has the best effect on ammonia nitrogen re-moval in pig wastewater with a removal rate of more than 70%Key wordsKey words:biogas slurry wastewaterbiogas slurry wastewater;aquatic organismaquatic organism;removal rat
13、eremoval rate;biological matrix pondbiological matrix pond前言前言养猪废水主要包括生猪的尿液养猪废水主要包括生猪的尿液、粪便粪便、冲栏废水以及部分生产废水,废水量的多少与气候条件冲栏废水以及部分生产废水,废水量的多少与气候条件、生猪品种生猪品种、猪栏冲洗方式猪栏冲洗方式、饲料种类饲料种类、猪场喂养方式等因素有关猪场喂养方式等因素有关。据报道据报道 1 1,规模在万头以上生猪的猪场日排水量高达,规模在万头以上生猪的猪场日排水量高达100 m3100 m3以上,养猪废水往往具有水质复杂以上,养猪废水往往具有水质复杂、悬浮物含量高悬浮物含量高
14、、水质波动大水质波动大、有机物含量高有机物含量高、经常伴随恶臭味气体等特征经常伴随恶臭味气体等特征 2 2,对于一些存栏猪规模在,对于一些存栏猪规模在5 0005 000头以上的猪场废水中头以上的猪场废水中 CODCOD 含量可高达含量可高达1 600 mg1 600 mgL1L14 000mg4 000mgL1L1、氨氮含量高达氨氮含量高达550 mg550 mgL1L1。目前使常用的养猪废水处理方法有:目前使常用的养猪废水处理方法有:SBSB 技术技术、UASBUASB 工艺工艺、人工湿地人工湿地、MBMB 技术以及多种工艺复合使用等技术技术以及多种工艺复合使用等技术3 3。如王建西等如王
15、建西等4 4 采用采用“EGSB+MBEGSB+MB”组合工艺对某猪场废水进行处理,结果表明该组合工艺对组合工艺对某猪场废水进行处理,结果表明该组合工艺对 CODCOD 等有机污染物的处理率可达等有机污染物的处理率可达90%90%以上;以上;041第 48 卷第 1 期2023 年 1 月巫方才水生生物对养猪废水降解效果对比研究Vol.48 No.1Jan 2023朱繁永等朱繁永等 5 5 认为认为“HC+SBHC+SB”工艺对养猪废水中工艺对养猪废水中CODCOD、BODBOD 以及以及 SSSS 的去除率均在的去除率均在 95%95%以上;葛玉龙等以上;葛玉龙等6 6 研究了研究了 PAC
16、 CTSPAC CTS 复合絮凝剂在处理养猪废水时的最佳絮凝条件复合絮凝剂在处理养猪废水时的最佳絮凝条件、并求出了添加絮凝剂后废水的生化值;周可人等并求出了添加絮凝剂后废水的生化值;周可人等7 7 在硅灰石粉和水镁石粉中分别添加在硅灰石粉和水镁石粉中分别添加 ZrOCl2ZrOCl28H2O8H2O 和和 CeCl3CeCl3得到了四种改性材料,并认为该改性材料对废水中磷元素有较好的去除效果;唐铄松等得到了四种改性材料,并认为该改性材料对废水中磷元素有较好的去除效果;唐铄松等8 8 求出了曝气和投加氢氧化钠两种工况下最适宜的求出了曝气和投加氢氧化钠两种工况下最适宜的 pHpH 以及对应的正磷酸盐回收率以及对应的正磷酸盐回收率。养猪废水处理工艺越来越多养猪废水处理工艺越来越多、技术也越来越成熟,但存在如下问题:(技术也越来越成熟,但存在如下问题:(1 1)受气候及季节限制,猪场产生的沼液过多)受气候及季节限制,猪场产生的沼液过多、有时未得到有效利用不得不直接排放;(有时未得到有效利用不得不直接排放;(2 2)经一般工艺处理后的废水氮磷含量仍较高,应配有专门的脱氮除磷工艺;()经一般工艺处