1、第 32 卷第 4 期Vol.32,No.4173-1822023 年 4 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA刘爱瑜,王超,吴占军,等.热应激对断奶绵羔羊生长性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃菌群的影响.草业学报,2023,32(4):173182.LIU Ai-yu,WANG Chao,WU Zhan-jun,et al.Impact of heat stress on growth rate,serum antioxidant properties,and rumen flora in weaned lambs.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2023,3
2、2(4):173182.热应激对断奶绵羔羊生长性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃菌群的影响刘爱瑜1*,王超1*,吴占军2,赵寿培1,赵俐辰1,李晓宇1,张伟涛3,王乐天4,高玉红1*(1.河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北 保定 071000;2.河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北 石家庄 050000;3.河北省畜牧总站,河北 石家庄050000;4.黑龙江三江美术职业学院,黑龙江 佳木斯 154013)摘要:热应激严重影响了羊产业的高效健康发展,本试验旨在利用环控舱研究热应激对断奶绵羔羊生长性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取 12 只断奶羔羊随机分为两组,对照组(温度 21.5,湿度 60%)和
3、热应激组(温度 33.5,湿度 60%),分别饲养于两个环控舱,单栏饲养,试验周期 14 d,试验末检测羔羊的生长性能、抗氧化酶活性、热应激蛋白水平和瘤胃菌群多样性。结果表明:1)热应激条件下,羔羊日采食量(ADFI)和日增重(ADG)均表现出显著性降低(P0.05),较对照组分别降低 28.38%和 41.12%,料重比(F/G)较对照组提高 33.13%。2)热应激条件下羔羊的血清抗氧化性能下降,总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著降低(P0.05),丙二醛含量显著上升(P0.05);3种热应激蛋白(HSP60、HSP70和 HSP90)含量均表现出显著性增加(P0.05),
4、较对照组分别提高 1.19、1.47和 1.39倍。3)热应激影响了羔羊瘤胃菌群的多样性和丰度。热应激条件下,Shannon指数和 Simpson指数均显著降低(P0.05),且拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰 度 表 现 出 显 著 性 增 加(P0.05),尤 其 拟 杆 菌 门(Bacteroidetes)较 对 照 组 提 高 76.47%,但 放 线 菌 门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著降低(P0.05);另外,热应激下羔羊瘤胃中普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella_1)较对照组增加
5、326.28%(P0.05),月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas_1)的丰度降低 84.21%(P0.05)。可见,热应激影响了羔羊的生长性能和抗氧化性能,并且改变了瘤胃菌群结构。本研究结果可为实际生产中羊热应激的缓解提供基础数据。关键词:羔羊;热应激;生产性能;抗氧化性能;菌群Impact of heat stress on growth rate,serum antioxidant properties,and rumenflora in weaned lambsLIU Ai-yu1*,WANG Chao1*,WU Zhan-jun2,ZHAO Shou-pei1,ZHAO Li-che
6、n1,LI Xiao-yu1,ZHANG Wei-tao3,WANG Le-tian4,GAO Yu-hong1*1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;2.Institute of Grain and OilCrops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;3.Hebei Animal Husbandry Station,Shijia
7、zhuang 050000,China;4.Heilongjiang Sanjiang Art Vocational College,Jiamusi 154013,ChinaAbstract:Heat stress(HS)has affected the efficiency and development of the sheep industry.This studyDOI:10.11686/cyxb2022249http:/收稿日期:2022-06-07;改回日期:2022-09-07基金项目:河北省自然科学基金(C2021204128),河北省高等学校科学技术重点研究项目(ZD2021
8、323),河北省重点研发计划项目(20326612D)和河北省现代农业产业技术体系羊产业创新团队建设专项(HBCT2018140205)资助。作者简介:刘爱瑜(1996-),女,河北张家口人,在读硕士。E-mail:。王超(1996-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士。E-mail:。共同第一作者 These authors contributed equally to this work.通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail:Vol.32,No.4ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)investigated the growth performan
9、ce,serum antioxidant properties,and rumen microbiota in weaned lambs underHS conditions using an environmental control chamber.Twelve weaned lambs were randomly allocated into twogroups and raised in two chambers with one lamb per pen.The chamber of the control group was maintained at21.5 and 60%hum
10、idity,while the HS chamber was maintained at 33.5 and 60%humidity.The entireexperiment lasted for 14 days,and the growth rate,serum antioxidant enzyme activities,heat stress proteins(HSP),and rumen flora diversity were measured at the end of the experiment.It was found that:1)Under HSconditions,the
11、daily feed intake and daily weight gain of lambs decreased(P0.05)by 28.38%and 41.12%,respectively,compared with those in control group,while the feed/gain(F/G)increased by 33.13%.2)Theserum antioxidant properties of lambs decreased under HS conditions.The total antioxidant capacity,catalase,orsupero
12、xide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased(P0.05)under HS,while the levels of malondialdehydeincreased(P0.05).Moreover,compared with the control group,the serum HSP content in the HS groupincreased(P0.05)by 1.19 times for HSP60,1.47 times for HSP70,and 1.39 times for HSP90.3)Thediversity and abundance of
13、 rumen flora were affected by the HS conditions;The Shannon index and Simpson indexboth decreased(P0.05),while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes or Proteobacteria increased(P0.05).Inparticular,Bacteroidetes abundance increased by 76.47%compared with the control group.However,theabundance of Ac
14、tinobacteria or Firmicutes decreased(P0.05).In addition,under HS,the abundance ofPrevotella_1 in the rumen increased by 326.28%(P0.05),and the abundance of Selemonas_1 decreased by84.21%(P0.05),compared with the control.In summary,HS affected growth rate,serum antioxidant properties,and rumen microb
15、e community structure of the lambs.The results from this study provide data to help understandand relieve sheep affected by HS in commercial production.Key words:lamb;heat stress;growth performance;antioxidant performance;flora高温对农牧业发展的影响目前已经成为全球关注的焦点。据报道,21世纪将是 5万年以来最热的 100年1。近几年羊产业正处于散养模式向舍饲半舍饲过渡的
16、关键阶段,良好的养殖环境(尤其温湿度)是保障羊群健康和高效生产的重要因素。由于全球变暖导致羊群遭受一定程度的热应激,严重阻碍了羊群的生长速度,也导致了消化道疾病和肺炎的发病率大幅度增加,这给养羊场/户造成了较大的经济损失。但由于羊产业的集约化程度远低于其他畜禽(如奶牛、猪和家禽),产业发展也较慢,热应激带来的影响近几年才开始受到重视2-4。据报道5-6,羊长期遭受热应激会出现体温升高、呼吸频率加快和脱水等非特异性生理反应,同时采食量降低,奶山羊在遭受热应激时采食量可下降 22%35%。另外,热应激会引起机体的氧化还原平衡紊乱,发生氧化应激反应,损伤细胞和组织,从而影响畜体的生长发育和健康水平7。热应激条件下反刍动物瘤胃内环境的平衡将遭到破坏,瘤胃菌群的结构和功能也会发生相应的变化8-9,如细菌菌群的丰度和多样性,这些变化均会影响动物的消化性能和生长发育10。关于热应激条件下牛瘤胃菌群的研究11认为,瘤胃中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和普朗克菌门(Planctomycetes)的丰度显著下降,而普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)和 YRC22的丰度显著增加。关于羊热应激条件下