1、骨科2023年7月第14卷第4期Orthopaedics,July 2023,Vol.14,No.4 303 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.16748573.2023.04.002作者单位:1.河北省沧州中西医结合医院关节二科,河北沧州 061000;2.河北省中西医结合骨关节病研究重点实验室(筹),河北沧州 061000通信作者:郑守超,Email: 临床研究论著 保留后交叉韧带膝关节置换术治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎的近期疗效郑守超1,2季文辉1,2马超1,2刘国强1,2【摘要】目的探讨保留后交叉韧带膝关节置换术(cruciateretaining total knee arthro
2、plasty,CRTKA)治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎的近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年12月在我科行胫骨固有内翻的CRTKA的病人48例(内翻组),男23例,女25例;年龄为(64.215.73)岁(5379岁)。匹配同期实施CRTKA的胫骨正常病人48例(对照组),男22例,女26例;年龄为(65.605.20)岁(5677岁)。所有病人手术均由我科同一高年资主任医师完成,记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间和并发症等,比较术前和末次随访病人的膝关节疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、美国膝关节协会评分(Knee Society
3、 Score,KSS)、牛津膝关节评分(Oxford Knee Score,OKS)、活动度(range of motion,ROM)、髋膝踝角(hip knee ankle,HKA)、机械轴股骨远端外侧角(mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,mLDFA)、机械轴胫骨近端内侧角(mechanical medial proximal tibial angle,mMPTA)及关节线汇聚角(joint line convergence angle,JLCA)等。结果所有病例均获得随访,内翻组随访(27.699.92)个月,对照组随访(28.138.12)个
4、月。两组的手术时间、术中出血量和术后下地时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后VAS、KSS、OKS评分及ROM均较术前得到明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组影像学测量HKA、mMPTA提示术后膝关节内翻、胫骨内翻均得到不同程度矫正,手术前后数据比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,两组病人VAS、KSS、OKS评分及ROM比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且两组无感染、假体松动、僵硬及不稳等并发症。结论CRTKA可以显著改善胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎病人近期膝关节疼痛和功能,是治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎的有效方法。【关键词】全膝关节置换术;保留后交叉
5、韧带;膝骨关节炎;胫骨固有内翻;近期疗效Short term Effectiveness of Cruciate retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty on Advanced KneeOsteoarthritis with Tibia Vara.ZHENG Shouchao1,2,JI Wenhui1,2,MA Chao1,2,LIU Guoqiang1,2.1Departmentof Bone and Joint,Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Ca
6、ngzhou061000,China;2Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research(Preparing),Cangzhou 061000,ChinaCorresponding author:ZHENG Shouchao,Email:【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the shortterm effectiveness of cruciateretaining total kneearthroplasty on ad
7、vanced knee osteoarthritis with tibia vara.MethodsA total of 48 patients including 23males and 25 females were followed up whom were taken cruciateretaining total knee arthroplasty for advancedknee osteoarthritis with tibia vara in our department from May 2018 to December 2020(tibia vara group).Thea
8、ge was(64.215.73)years(5379 years).A total of 48 cases of CRTKA for advanced knee osteoarthritiswithout tibia vara were matched contemporaneously(control group),and the age was(65.605.20)years(5677years).All the operations were taken by the same senior surgeon in our department.The operation time,bl
9、eeding loss and ambulation time were recorded.The treatment was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS),Knee Society score(KSS)and Oxford knee score(OKS),range of motion(ROM),mechanical medial proximaltibial angle(mMPTA),mechanical lateral distal femoral angle(mLDFA),joint line convergence angle(JLC
10、A)and hip knee ankle(HKA).ResultsAll the cases in both groups were followed up for(27.699.92)months 304 骨科2023年7月第14卷第4期Orthopaedics,July 2023,Vol.14,No.4(tibia vara group)and(28.138.12)months(control group)respectively.There was no statistically significantdifference in operation time,blood loss an
11、d ambulation time between two groups(P0.05).The VAS,KSS,OKS and ROM in both groups were improved significantly after the surgery(P0.05).The HKA and mMPTAwere corrected with statistically significant difference in both groups by CRTKA(P0.05).At the end point offollowup,there were no significant diffe
12、rences in VAS,KSS,OKS and ROM between two groups(P0.05),andno infection,prosthesis loosening,stiffness and laxity occurred.ConclusionCruciateretaining total kneearthroplasty can significantly improve shortterm pain and function of advanced knee osteoarthritis with tibiavara,which is an effective tre
13、atment for the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis with tibia vara.【Key words】Total knee arthroplasty;Cruciateretaining;Advanced knee osteoarthritis;Tibia vara;Shortterm Effectiveness膝骨关节炎是中老年人常见疾病,常会导致膝关节疼痛、畸形和活动受限。膝关节内翻畸形是膝骨关节炎常见类型,造成膝关节内翻畸形的原因除关节内软骨退变外,常伴有胫骨近端固有内翻畸形等关节外因素1。膝关节置换术是治疗终末期膝骨关节炎
14、的有效方法2,但伴有胫骨固有内翻畸形病人按机械对线原则行膝关节置换术具有特殊性,需要注意胫骨近端截骨平面的特点34、与胫骨解剖轴的关系(确定胫骨髓外参照点)57以及股骨远端外旋截骨的角度810等,同时需要把控下肢对线和膝关节软组织平衡之间的矛盾。既往研究报道全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎临床效果满意57,但保留后交叉韧带TKA(CRTKA)治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎的临床效果鲜有报道。虽然关于是否保留后交叉韧带对TKA临床效果的影响至今争论不休,但是二者目前表现出的临床效果都非常出色1112。CRTKA可能在提高术后关节屈曲稳定性、保留骨量、改善髌骨轨迹以及保留膝关节本体感
15、觉等方面更具有优势13,同时,胫骨固有内翻是否增加CRTKA术中软组织平衡的难度并影响其临床效果尚未有结论。因此,我们设计了此项研究,旨在观察CRTKA治疗胫骨固有内翻膝骨关节炎的早期临床疗效,并探讨胫骨固有内翻对于CRTKA术中软组织平衡的影响。资料和方法一、纳入及排除标准纳入标准:年龄50岁;膝关节内翻畸形;KL分级为级;机械轴胫骨近端内侧角(mechanical medial proximal tibial angle,mMPTA)85。排除标准:股骨畸形、胫骨干畸形;胫骨近端骨折史;髋和踝关节畸形或手术史;风湿免疫疾病累及膝关节。二、一般资料2018年5月至2020年12月,选取由我科
16、同一高年资主任医师实施膝关节置换手术的324例(392膝)作为研究对象。根据纳入排除标准,内翻组纳入48例(48膝),其中男23例,女25例,年龄为(64.215.73)岁(5379岁);身体质量指数(BMI)为(23.951.74)kg/m2(19.4929.59 kg/m2);左膝22例,右膝26例。对照组匹配同期实施CRTKA的胫骨正常病人48例(48膝),男22例,女26例,年龄为(65.605.20)岁(5677 岁);BMI 为(24.742.10)kg/m2(19.6631.25 kg/m2);左膝24例,右膝24例。上述一般资料行组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。所有病例术前常规行膝关节负重正侧位X线、双下肢全长负重X线、膝关节CT、膝关节MRI等影像学检查,术前排除感染。三、手术方法麻醉成功后,病人取仰卧位,术侧大腿近端绑扎止血带。下肢常规碘酊、酒精消毒,铺巾。行髌前正中切口,髌旁内侧入路切开关节囊,清理关节腔内增生滑膜组织和骨赘,切除前交叉韧带,保留并保护后交叉韧带。X线片上规划胫骨髓外定位(图1),后倾5截骨,采用弧形骨刀应用骨岛技术完整保留后交叉韧带胫