1、下肢深静脉血栓(DTV)一般多发于急性骨折、感染性疾病、恶性肿瘤等中,具有较高的发病率和致残率,严重影响患者的生活质量和生命健康,故寻求高准确性的指标对诊断下肢DTV的具有实际意义 1-3。血栓的形成是机体凝血纤溶功能失衡后血液中血小板等成分聚集形成,因此现临床常采用凝血纤溶相关指标来检测机体凝血状态,然而该类检测具有一定的局限性,如对于血栓具体形成部位难以完全界定 4-6。影像学是临床用于检测病变病灶的常用手段,研究发现CT值与人体的血液成分存在一定的关系,且与活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原及DVT分期均存在相关性,说明在人体某一部位的CT值异常可在一定程度上反映血栓形成病理
2、改变 7-8。目前,CT值联合凝血纤溶指标诊断下肢DTV患者相关的研究鲜少,相关报道多联用D-D单一纤溶指标进行评估 9-10,而联合多项凝血纤溶指标则尚未见报道。本研究以2019年1月2022年5月本院收治的98例下肢DTV患者为研究对象,旨在分析CT值联合凝血纤溶指标诊断下肢DTV的价值。Analysis of the diagnostic value of CT value combined with coagulation and fibrinolysisrelated indexes in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis of lower
3、 extremityTAO Shuhang1,WANG Yuanjun2,HE Hai11Department of Laboratory,2Department of Imaging,Chengdu Second Peoples Hospital,Chengdu 610017,China摘要:目的 分析CT值联合凝血纤溶指标对下肢深静脉血栓(DTV)的诊断价值分析。方法 选取2019年1月2022年5月本院收治的发生下肢DTV的98例患者为研究组,另取同期本院未发生下肢DTV的98例患者为对照组。所有患者均进行CT检查和测定凝血纤溶指标活化部分凝血酶原时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、
4、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)、抗凝血酶(AT),采用Logistic回归分析CT值、凝血纤溶指标与下肢DTV的相关性,并采用ROC曲线分析CT值和凝血纤溶指标对下肢DTV的诊断价值,计算曲线下面积。结果 CT图像显示,下肢DTV的静脉管腔未见造影剂填充,呈低密度;相较于对照组,研究组CT值、FIB、D-D均较高(P0.05),aPTT、PT、AT均较低(P0.05);Logistic回归结果显示,CT值、aPTT、PT、FIB、D-D、AT与下肢DTV存在显著相关性(P0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,联合诊断的曲线下面积为0.946,敏感度为81.63%,特异性为95.92%。结
5、论 CT值、凝血纤溶指标与下肢DTV具有相关性,其联合诊断在下肢DTV患者方面具有较高的应用价值。关键词:CT值;凝血纤溶指标;下肢深静脉血栓;诊断价值Abstract:Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of CT value combined with coagulation and fibrinolysis index in thediagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis(DTV).Methods A total of 98 patients with lower extremity
6、 DTV admittedto our hospital from January 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the research group,and 98 patients without lower extremityDTV in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.All patients underwent CT examination anddetermination of coagulation and fibrinolysis i
7、ndexes activated partial prothrombin time(aPTT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(FIB),D-dimer(D-D),antithrombin (AT),Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between CTvalue,coagulation and fibrinolysis index and lower extremity DTV,and ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic valu
8、e ofCT values and coagulation and fibrinolysis indexes for lower extremity DTV,and the area under the curve was calculated.Results CT images showed that the venous lumen of DTV in lower limbs was not filled with contrast agent,showing lowdensity;compared with the control group,the CT value,FIB,and D
9、-D of the study group were significantly higher(P0.05),aPTT,PT and AT were significantly lower(P0.05);Logistic regression results showed that CT value,aPTT,PT,FIB,D-D,AT were significantly correlated with lower extremity DTV(P0.05,表1)。本研究经本院医学伦理委员会批准同意。表1 两组一般资料比较Tab.1 Comparison of general data bet
10、ween the two groups(n=98)IndexGender(n)MaleFemaleAverage age(year,MeanSD)Average BMI(kg/m2,MeanSD)Merger of underlying diseases(n)YesNoResearch group584042.5610.2222.202.543662Control group534543.4711.0622.572.833068t/20.5190.5980.9630.822P0.4710.5500.3370.3641.2 方法1.2.1 CT检查 采用双源CT机,参数设置:管电压120140
11、kV,管电流220300 mA,螺距为1.0,扫描视野为3544 cm,机架转速为0.5 s/r。平扫:扫描范围为第三腰椎上缘水平至足踝,增强扫描:取高压注射器抽取一定量的造影剂,然后于肘静脉快速推注,扫描范围为第三腰椎上缘水平至足踝。观察血栓、周围软组织等情况,并测量平扫轴位图像上的血栓CT值。1.2.2 凝血纤溶指标 于清晨取患者空腹静脉血,检测凝血功能指标和纤溶功能指标。凝血功能指标:采用全自动凝血分析仪检测活化部分凝血酶原时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB);纤溶功能指标:采用全自动凝血分析仪检测D-二聚体(D-D)、抗凝血酶(AT)。1.3 统计学分析采用SP
12、SS22.0分析数据,计量资料以均数标准差表示,组间比较行独立样本t检验;计数资料以n(%)表示,组间比较行2检验;采用Logistic回归分析CT值、aPTT、PT、FIB、D-D、AT与下肢DTV的相关性;采用ROC曲线分析CT检查、aPTT、PT、FIB、D-D、AT对下肢DTV的诊断价值,并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 CT图像分析双下肢DTV的CT图像显示静脉血栓管腔未见造影剂填充,呈低密度(图1)。2.2 两组CT值、凝血纤溶指标比较相较于对照组,研究组CT值、FIB、D-D均较高(P0.05),aPTT、PT、AT均较低(P0.05,表
13、2)。2.3 CT值、凝血纤溶指标与下肢DTV的相关性以下肢DTV为因变量,将CT值和凝血纤溶指标为自变量,纳入Logistic回归分析模型,结果显示CT值、aPTT、PT、FIB、D-D、AT与下肢DTV存在相关性(P0.05,表3)。2.4 CT值联合凝血纤溶指标对下肢DPV发生的诊断效能ROC曲线显示,联合诊断的AUC为0.946,均大于CT值(0.765)、aPTT(0.749)、PT(0.830)、FIB(0.723)、D-D(0.747)、AT(0.634)对下肢DTV患者的诊断价值,联合诊断的敏感度为81.63%,特异性为95.92%(表4、图23)。3 讨论下肢DTV不仅会引起
14、患者下肢损害,随着病情的发展还会导致肺栓塞的发生风险增高,因此其有效诊断对保障患者的生命健康意义重大 12-14。本研究CT图像显示,下肢DTV的静脉管腔未见造影剂填充,呈低密度。影像学技术是临床诊断下肢DVT的常用方法,王春辉等 15 指出CT值可以反映局部人体组织的密度,对于血栓同样具有良好的分辨效果,同时血栓成分的变化也可引起CT值的改变,从而帮助医师评估血栓的分期,该研究发现急性期患者CT值为59.329.23 Hu,而本文中CT值为55.429.81 Hu,二者结果相似,表明通过CT分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):701-705http:/www.j- 702ABCFED图1
15、下肢DVT CT造影图Fig.1 Lower limb DVT CT imaging.A-B:A 51-year-old male patient with left common iliac vein thrombosis asshown by the hollow arrow could be seen in both coronal bitmap(A)and transverse image(B).There was no con-trast agent filling in the lumen,showing low density.The contrast agent filling
16、 in the right common iliac vein asshown by the solid arrow shows uniform high-density shadow.C-D:A 51-year-old female patient with thrombo-sis in the left common iliac vein as shown by the hollow arrow.Compared with the right common iliac vein asshown by the solid arrow,the lumen was not filled with contrast agent and is low density.E-F:A 54-year-old fe-male patient,as shown by the arrow,had left and right common iliac veins filled with contrast medium,showeduniform high density.IndexCT value(Hu