1、2023年第4期/西部人居环境学刊/12720002020年三峡库区生态系统服务时空演变及驱动力研究*Study on Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Ecosystem Services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020陈 丹 曾 卫 郭凯睿 王福海 CHEN Dan,ZENG Wei,GUO Kairui,WANG FuhaiDOI:10.13791/ki.hsfwest.20230418陈丹,曾卫,郭凯睿,等.20002020年三峡库区生态系统服务时空演
2、变及驱动力研究J.西部人居环境学刊,2023,38(4):127-134.CHEN D,ZENG W,GUO K R,et al.Study on Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Ecosystem Services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020J.Journal of Human Settlements in West China,2023,38(4):127-134.摘 要：三峡库区生态环境变化是影响长江流域生态安全的关键因素。本文基于PSR模型建构生
3、态系统服务“供给调节支持”的功能评价方法和“状态压力”的驱动力识别要素体系，采用地理探测器和空间相关性分析方法，揭示了三峡库区生态系统服务功能在库首、库中、库尾的互构特征及驱动机理。研究表明：三峡库区蓄水初期对生态系统服务功能影响显著，不同区位的类聚作用逐年变强；生境面积比和土地利用强度是近20年影响库区生态系统服务功能的核心指标，地形位指数也凸显对山地城市生态系统服务功能的决定性作用；库首需关注景观多样性，库尾应处理好建设空间与生态空间的平衡关系。研究结果旨在为三峡库区生态修复与生态服务功能提升提供参考。关键词：生态系统服务；驱动因素；地理探测；时空演变；三峡库区Abstract:In th
4、e context of ecological civilization construction,research on ecosystem services has become a key task for regional ecological protection.Research on ecosystem services started relatively late in China.Most of the research has focused on administrative regions as the smallest analytical unit,with st
5、atic analysis being the main focus.Also,there was relatively little research on the dynamic tracking of the comprehensive functions of watershed ecosystem services from long-term and multi-dimensional aspects.The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of
6、the Yangtze River,and changes in ecosystem services directly affect the ecological security of the Yangtze River Basin.Previous studies have mostly used the value equivalent method to analyze the value of land ecosystem services,which cannot reflect the comprehensive capacity of ecosystem services i
7、n the entire region.The research area was mainly focused on a certain reservoir section or typical area,which cannot sufficiently reveal the overall status of ecosystem services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Basin.Due to the lacking coverage of driving factors and the insufficient targeting of multi
8、-scale types in the basin,relevant research conclusions are difficult to implement and promote in depth.The present study constructs a driving force element system that covers both natural and human factors such as climate change,terrain conditions,and development intensity.The grid is used as the m
9、inimum evaluation unit,and based on the PSR model,a comprehensive evaluation method for“Supply-Regulation-Support”ecosystem services is constructed.A driving force identification element system covering seven element types and 19 indicator contents of natural factors,human activities,and socio-econo
10、mic factors is established.By using geographic detectors and spatial correlation analysis methods,the interactive characteristics and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were revealed at the beginning,middle,and end of the reservoir.This article attem
11、pts to establish a method for identifying the driving factors of ecosystem services in typical mountainous watersheds,analyze the dynamic evolution characteristics and driving forces of ecosystem service capabilities in multi-scale spatiotemporal dimensions,and provide technological support and auxi
12、liary decision-making for achieving ecological protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.The results showed that with the implementation of policies such as natural forest protection and returning farmland to forests and grasslands in the Yangtze River Basin,the regional natural environment has
13、been greatly improved.Strengthening the monitoring and control of water,air,soil and other pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has significantly improved the ecosystem service capacity.The basin environmental improvement and ecological restoration projects have 中图分类号 TU984.11+5文献标识码 B文章编号 2
14、095-6304（2023）04-18-07 *重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0522）作者简介陈 丹：重庆大学建筑城规学院，博士研究生；重庆财经学院，讲师曾 卫（通讯作者）：重庆大学建筑城规学院，教授，郭凯睿：重庆大学建筑城规学院，博士研究生王福海：重庆大学建筑城规学院，博士研究生；重庆财经学院，副教授生态系统与灾害风险评估ISSUE 4 Aug.2023/JOURNAL OF HUMAN SETTLEMNTS IN WEST CHINA/1280 引 言生态系统服务被定义为人类从生态系统中获取直接和间接效益1-2，包括供给、调节、文化和支持等四大类服务3-
15、4，具有支撑人类可持续发展的重要作用，是生态安全的核心内涵和生态保护研究的重点内容。前期研究主要关注生态系统服务价值和功能两个方面5-6，聚焦基于土地利用要素建构指标体系评价区域生态系统服务功能或服务价值的演化特征7-8，借助相关性分析、均方根误差法和地理探测器等数理模型，揭示生态系统服务变化的驱动因素9-10。相关成果多为生态系统服务功能及其驱动力的静态研究，对流域生态系统服务多种复合综合功能在长时序、多维度上的动态跟踪研究相对较少。三峡库区是长江流域生态保护与修复的关键区域11，生态系统服务变化直接影响着长江流域的生态安全12。三峡库区的生态系统服务研究通常针对行政区内的土地利用价值当量法
16、进行估算，抽离了山地流域复杂的自然地气候条件以及多样的社会经济行为要素13，仅分析土地生态系统服务价值无法完全反应流域生态系统服务的综合能力。虽然也有从供给、调节、文化和支持四项服务功能分析单一库段或典型区域的生态系统服务能力及驱动因素14-15，但由于研究范围较小、驱动因素维度有限、流域多尺度分析不足，导致不能很好的揭示三峡库区生态系统服务演化的整体性趋势和差异性特征。因此，三峡库区生态系统服务研究亟需突破传统行政区单元评价的限制，以1km1km网格为最小评价单元，基于跟踪调研和遥感解译获取近20年三峡库区土地利用现状数据16，评价三峡库区流域生态系统服务的供给功能、调节功能、支持功能，建构涵盖气候变化、地形条件、开发强度等自然因子和人为因子驱动要素体系，揭示三峡库区生态系统服务能力时空演化的多尺度特征，识别影响生态系统服务能力变化的多维度驱动要素，为实现三峡库区生态保护提供科技支撑和辅助决策。1 研究区概况三峡库区共涉及26个行政区，包括重庆市江津区、巴南区、大渡口区、九龙坡区、南岸区、沙坪坝区、北碚区、渝中区、渝北区、江北区、长寿区、涪陵区、武隆区、丰都县、石柱土家族自治县、忠县
