1、热带海洋学报 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 2023 年 第 42 卷 第 4 期:166175 doi:10.11978/2022209 http:/ 2019 年春季孟加拉湾中部放射虫群落结构垂向变化 张兰兰1,2,程夏雯1,3,向荣1,2,邱卓雅1,3,常虎1,3 1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东 广州 511458;2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511458;3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049 摘要:本文利用虎红染色和传统形态分析方法,首次揭示了孟加拉湾中部 02600m 水深放射
2、虫类群(多囊虫、等辐骨虫、列足虫和稀孔虫)的垂向变化特征。多囊虫可生活于全水深,丰度最高值在叶绿素最大值层,表明大部分多囊虫偏好光线充足和营养丰富的水体环境;在阿拉伯海高盐水入侵影响的中深层水体(2001000m)中,多囊虫活体群和残骸群的丰度变化平稳,反映出其偏好高盐环境(34.5);10002000m 水层中活体群未增加,但其残骸群的丰度明显升高,推测取样期间 10002000m水深处可能存在横向搬运现象。等辐骨虫活体丰度最高值出现在 50100m,100200m 深度急剧下降,在 2002600m 水深则几乎缺失;0200m 残骸体数量极低,表明等辐骨虫偏好光线充足、营养丰富的环境,其在
3、约 100m 深发生大量溶解。印度棒矛虫(新种)(Sticholonche indicum sp.nov.)被描记,其形态不同于其他棒矛虫种,具有明显更长的船桨状轴足,其活体峰值位于200300m,偏好中等温度、高盐的环境,且不受低含氧量的限制。稀孔虫主要生活于 50m 以深,高峰值出现在 200300m,3002600m 少量存在,其残骸群在 02600m 都处于极低值,反映出低氧含量对稀孔虫影响不明显,而且部分稀孔虫物种不受低温限制,可生存于深水中。可见,浮游动物多囊虫、等辐骨虫、列足虫和稀孔虫具有显著不同的垂直分布与环境适应特征,本研究有助于理解海洋生态系统的物质循环和环境变化。关键词:
4、孟加拉湾;浮游动物放射虫;群落结构;深度变化;环境适应 中图分类号:P736.221 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-5470(2023)04-0166-10 Changes of radiolarian community structure with depth in the central Bay of Bengal in spring 2019 ZHANG Lanlan1,2,CHENG Xiawen1,3,XIANG Rong1,2,QIU Zhuoya1,3,CHANG Hu1,3 1.Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geolo
5、gy,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 511458,China;2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China Abstract:By staining with Rose Bengal and us
6、ing traditional morphological analysis,this study for the first time reveals the vertical changes of radiolarian community(Polycystinea,Acanthadaria,Taxopodia and Phaeodaria)from 0 to 2600m water depth in the central Bay of Bengal.Polycystinea may survive in full water depth,and the highest abundanc
7、e is in the chlorophyll-a maximum layer,indicating that most Polycystinea prefers the well-lit and nutrient-rich environments.In the intermediate-deep water(2001000 收稿日期：2022-09-30;修订日期：2022-11-09。姚衍桃编辑 基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41876056、42176080);中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO202201);国家自然科学基金委员会共享航次计划项目(41849910
8、)作者简介：张兰兰(1978),女,山东省青州人,研究员,主要从事海洋微体古生物现代过程与古海洋学研究。email: 通信作者：张兰兰。email:*感谢中国科学院中国-斯里兰卡联合科教中心的资助;感谢自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室开放研究基金资助;感谢“实验 3”号科考船全体队员的帮助;感谢日本东北大学 Noritoshi Suzuki教授和 3位评审专家的建设性意见和建议。Received date:2022-09-30;Revised date:2022-11-09.Editor:YAO Yantao Foundation item:National Natural Scienc
9、e Foundation of China(41876056,42176080);Development fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO202201);National Natural Science Foundation of China Shiptime Sharing Project (41849910)Corresponding author:ZHANG Lanlan.email: 张兰兰等:2019 年春季孟加拉湾中部放射虫群落结构垂向变化
10、 167 1 m)invaded by high saline water from the Arabian Sea,the change of abundances of living and dead Polycystinea are slight,indicating that they prefer high-salinity environment(34.5).Considering that living Polycystinea did not change significantly from 1000m to 2000m,the abundance of the shells
11、 was obviously increased compared with that in the upper water,indicating that the central Bay of Bengal was affected by the lateral advection of ocean current in the 10002000m during the sampling period.The highest abundance of Acantharia appeared at 50100m,then decreased sharply at 100200m depth,a
12、nd almost absent at 2002600m.The number of shells from 0 to 200m was low,suggesting that Acantharia prefers the well-lit and nutrient-rich environments,and is speculated to be largely dissolved at 100m depth.Different from other species in morphology,a new species Sticholonche indicum sp.nov.was des
13、cribed,which has the significantly longer oar-like axopodia.And its maximum abundance occurs between 200300m,suggesting that they are new species,which prefer the moderate temperature and high salt environment,not limited by the oxygen minimum zone(OMZ).Phaeodaria mainly lives at a depth of 50m,with
14、 the highest abundance at 200300m depth,the low abundance at 3002600m depth,and the rare shells of thanatocoenoses at 02600m depth,suggesting that Phaeodaria is weakly affected by the OMZ,and some phaeodarian species can live in deep water without the limit of low temperature.Therefore,Polycystinea,
15、Acantharia,Taxopodia and Phaeodaria have the significant differences in vertical distribution and environmental adaptation characteristics,and the above results would be helpful to understand the material cycle and environmental changes in marine ecosystems.Key words:Bay of Bengal;zooplankton radiol
16、aria;community structure;depth change;environmental adaptation 在全球变化背景下,海洋生态系统的健康和稳定性正遭受冲击,浮游生物种类、结构和多样性出现退化。作为海洋生态系统能量流动和物质循环的重要环节,浮游动物对环境变化反应敏感,可用来评估生态系统的稳定性,其中小型浮游动物的研究一直处 于 海 洋 浮 游 生 态 学 研 究 的 前 沿(张 武 昌 等,2009)。随着海洋观测技术和环境调查方法的发展,包含稀孔虫、列足虫、等辐骨虫和多囊虫类放射虫的有孔虫界浮游生物在海洋生态系统中是重要的组成部分,其碳储量在全球海洋生物中占有相当大的比重(Biard et al,2016;Gutierrez Rodriguez et al,2019)。浮游生物放射虫类群因其独特的生物学特性,影响着海洋中硅、锶和钡等元素的生物地球化学循环(Bernstein et al,1987;张杰 等,2020)。目前,浮游动物放射虫的深度分布研究主要聚焦于太平洋及其边缘海的多囊虫类(Kling,1979;Matsuzaki et al,2020;Nimm
