1、Insight ReportThe Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019Travel and Tourism at a Tipping PointInsight ReportThe Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019Travel and Tourism at a Tipping PointThe Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 is published by the World Economic Forums Platform for Shap
2、ing the Future of Mobility.Professor Klaus SchwabFounder and Executive ChairmanAnil MenonManaging Director,Head of Centre for Global Industries,Member of the Managing BoardChristoph WolffHead of Mobility Member of the Executive CommitteeAUTHORSLauren Uppink CalderwoodHead of Aviation,Travel and Tour
3、ism Industries,Global Leadership FellowMaksim SoshkinResearch and Analysis Specialist,Aerospace,Aviation,Travel and TourismCopyediting:Mike FisherDesign and layout:Neil WeinbergA special thanks goes to the Global Competitiveness and Risks team.TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMERThe analysis presented in the
4、 Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019(herein:“Report”)is based on a methodology integrating the latest statistics from international organizations and a survey of executives.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Ec
5、onomic Forum.The Report presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum(all information and data referred herein as“Data”).Data in this Report is subject to change without notice.The terms country and nation as used in this Report do not in all cases ref
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15、 these terms.Users who intend to sell World Economic Forum Data as part of a database or as a standalone product must first obtain the permission from the World Economic Forum(gcpweforum.org).World Economic ForumGenevaCopyright 2019 by the World Economic ForumAll rights reserved.No part of this publ
16、ication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum.ISBN-13:978-2-940631-01-8ContentsPreface vby Anil Menon and Christoph WolffExecutive Summary viiA
17、bout the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 ixAt a Glance:Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index 2019 Overall Rankings xiiiPart 1:The Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index 2019 1Travel&Tourism at a Tipping Point 32019 Results and Analysis 6Part 2:Regional Analysis 11How to Read the Regional Pro
18、files 13ISO-2 Code Lookup Tables 16Regional Profiles 18Part 3:Country/Economy Profiles 57How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles 59Index of Country/Economy Profiles 61Country/Economy Profiles 63Appendix A:Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index 2019 Rankings 65Appendix B:Methodology of the TTCI 2019 8
19、5Appendix C:Data Definitions and Sources 91Appendix D:Income Group and Regional Classifications 101Contributors and AcknowledgementsAbout the Authors 103Data Partners 105Partner Institutes 107Explore additional features of the report at http:/reports.weforum.org/ttcriiiPrefaceANIL MENONManaging Dire
20、ctor,Head of Centre for Global Industries,World Economic ForumCHRISTOPH WOLFFHead of Mobility,Member of the Executive Committee,World Economic ForumExplore additional features of the report at http:/reports.weforum.org/ttcrvIn 2018,according to the World Tourism Organization,the number of internatio
21、nal tourist arrivals worldwide reached 1.4 billion,two years before it was predicted to do so.That year also marked the seventh year in a row where the growth in tourism exports(+4%)exceeded the growth in merchandise exports(+3%).Given this rapid pace of growth,the prediction that international arri
22、vals will reach 1.8 billion by 2030 may be conservative.This presents enormous potential for the sector and economies globally as travel is further democratized.Emerging economies are contributing larger proportions of travellers to this global trend and are becoming increasingly desirable as destin
23、ations as they show greater competitiveness in travel and tourism.It is also since the previous publication of our biennial Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report in April 2017,that the term“overtourism”has become common currency.Used to depict the negative impact tourism can have on a destination,it
24、s residents and visitors alike,and often the result of congestion and overcrowding from poor tourism management,“overtourism”can be considered the outcome of destinations exceeding their tourism carrying capacity.Tourism carrying capacity is defined by the World Tourism Organisation(UNWTO)as“the max
25、imum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time,without causing destruction of the physical,economic,and sociocultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction.”It is within this context of enormous growth potential,and increasing p
26、ressure on tourism infrastructure and services,that travel&tourism competitiveness can be seen simultaneously as a powerful economic growth driver,or a risk to ongoing development of the industry if not managed correctly.Growth in T&T competitiveness has traditionally offered tremendous returns,from
27、 increases to GDP and labour absorption,to local economic development for more remote communities.However,competitiveness for competitiveness sake may become a burgeoning constraint on the sector as a whole.For this reason,the theme of this years edition of the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report
28、2019 is“Travel and Tourism at a Tipping Point”.The Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report is a flagship product of the Platform for Shaping the Future of Mobility,which brings together world leaders to ensure travel and transportation systems meet 21st century demands.The rapid proliferation of new m
29、odes of mobility and disruptive business models provides us with the opportunity to reinvent mobility systems by using policy and technological innovations to address societal,economic and environmental risks.This report provides a valuable tool for policy-makers,companies and complementary sectors
30、to understand and anticipate emerging trends and risks in global travel and tourism,adapt their policies and practices,and accelerate new models that ensure the longevity of this important sector.This combination allows stakeholders to combine insight and action into accelerating change,and we invit
31、e leaders to engage with our platform.Lastly,this report relies on the dedicated collaboration of a network of distinguished thinkers who provide their knowledge and insights towards its production.We are grateful to our community of Data Partners:the International Air Transport Association(IATA),th
32、e International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),the World Tourism Organization(UNWTO),the World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC),Bloom Consulting and STR for helping us to design and develop the TTCI,and for providing much of the industry-relevant data used in its calculation.We thank our Industr
33、y Partnersnamely Airport Authority Hong Kong,Al Nippon Airways,B,Corporacin Amrica,C,Deutsche Lufthansa,Emirates Airline,Expedia Group,Heathrow Airport,Iberostar Group,Intercontinental Hotel Group,Jumeirah Group,Marriott International,Royal Schiphol Group,SAP,SpiceJet,Swiss International Air Lines a
34、nd VISAfor their continuous insight and perspectives on industry transformations and challenges.We also wish to thank the authors of the report,Lauren Uppink Calderwood and Maksim Soshkin,for their leadership,energy and commitment demonstrated in the delivery of this report.Additionally,appreciation
35、 goes to the Global Competitiveness and Risks team and Platform for Shaping the Future of Mobility colleagues for their guidance and expertise.Finally,we thank the 160 Partner Institutes worldwide,which help administer the Executive Opinion Survey,the results of which provide invaluable data for the
36、 index and this report.Executive SummaryExplore additional features of the report at http:/reports.weforum.org/ttcrviiThe 2019 edition of the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report features the latest iteration of the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index(TTCI).Published biennially,the TTCI benchmarks
37、 the T&T competitiveness of 140 economies and measures“the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable development of the Travel&Tourism(T&T)sector,which in turn,contributes to the development and competitiveness of a country.”The Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report is a flagship produ
38、ct of the World Economic Forums Platform for Shaping the Future of Mobility,which brings together world leaders to ensure travel and transportation systems meet 21st century demands.This report serves as a strategic benchmarking tool for policy-makers,companies and complementary sectors to advance t
39、he future development of the T&T sector by providing unique insight into the strengths and development areas of each country/economy to enhance industry competitiveness.Further,it serves as a platform for multistakeholder dialogue to understand and anticipate emerging trends and risks in global trav
40、el and tourism,adapt their policies,practices and investment decisions,and accelerate new models that ensure the longevity of this important sector.The index is comprised of four subindexes,14 pillars and 90 individual indicators,distributed among the different pillars.Published under the theme of“T
41、ravel and Tourism at a Tipping Point”,the reports results demonstrate the healthy growth of the industry,with increased competitiveness worldwide set against the slower improvement and adoption rates of necessary infrastructure and sustainable tourism management practices respectively.An analysis of
42、 country/economy and regional performance at a granular level provides interested and responsible stakeholders with an integrated understanding of gaps and opportunities for not only driving competitiveness,but ensuring that the right policies,infrastructure and management systems are in place for w
43、elcoming the tourism demand that such competitiveness will activatewhile preserving the tourism assets,both natural and cultural,that the industry depends upon.Results OverviewAs has been an ongoing trend over the last four years,T&T competitiveness continues to improve worldwide,and connectivity en
44、ablingand enabled bythe industry remains on an upward path.The TTCI 2019 results show that air transportation,digital connectivity and international openness are advancing in a global context of growing trade tensions and nationalism.Air transport infrastructure improvements show a noticeable increa
45、se on route capacity and the number of airlines providing services in individual countries.International openness is progressing,with lower-income economies leading the way.Digital connectivity has been bolstered by a growing number of individuals using the internet and mobile internet subscriptions
46、,meaning more economies are now in a position to leverage the growing list of digital T&T services.Travel has also become,for the most part,less expensive and safer,with the Price Competitiveness pillar,for example,showing the greatest percentage increase since 2017.Lastly,T&T is increasingly being
47、prioritized by stakeholders around the world as measured by more favourable perceptions of government prioritization,increased industry funding and more effective marketing campaigns.On the other hand,results also show that future demand for transportation services,especially regarding aviation,migh
48、t outpace improvements in infrastructure capacity.More work also needs to be done to make sure cultural and natural assets are preserved in the face of growing tourism visits.While more environmental treaty ratifications and improvements to global average perceptions of the sustainability of T&T are
49、 encouraging signs,the continued rise in deforestation,air pollution and species endangerments point to potential gaps between policy and enforcement.Explore additional features of the report at http:/reports.weforum.org/ttcrviiiThe Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019Key MoversThe top 10
50、TTCI scorers remain the same.Spain is the top performer for the third consecutive report,while the United Kingdoms slight decline in competitiveness has led to it being overtaken by the United States.The top 10 are,from highest to lowest score:Spain,France,Germany,Japan,the United States,the United
