1、高考英语,新高考专用,第一部分词类专题五冠词,知识清单冠词专讲考点一不定冠词a/ana用在辅音音素前(注意:不是辅音字母前),一般弱读为/,在强调时才重读为/e/;an用在元音音素前(注意:不是元音字母前),一般弱读为/n/,在强调时才重读为/n/。示例a useful animal一种有用的动物a university in Asia亚洲的一所大学a European country一个欧洲国家a one-window hall一个只有一扇窗户的大厅,an ugly man一个丑陋的男人an unfinished task一项未完成的任务an hour and a half一个半小时an h
2、onest person一个诚实的人温馨提示university中的u读作/ju/;European中的Eu读作/j/;hour中字母h不发音。,一、不定冠词的基本用法1.表泛指:用在第一次出现的单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物。例句Life is like an ocean;only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.生活就像一片海洋,只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。2.表类别:用在单数可数名词前,泛指一类人或一类事物。例句A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。,3.表数量:表示“一”,相当
3、于one,但数的概念没有one强烈。例句Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺非一日之寒。4.用于表明价格、数量、比率或速度等:表示“每一”,相当于per/each/every等,常用在dollar,kilo,hour等词前。例句We are allowed to drive at fifty miles an hour.我们可以以每小时50英里的速度驾驶。,二、不定冠词的考点性用法1.用在物质名词前:物质名词如coffee,food,tea,fruit,fog,rain,snow,wind等,在表示“一种/一杯/一场”等时,其前常加不定冠词。例句A
4、 heavy rain fell this morning.今天早上下了一场大雨。,2.用在抽象名词前:用在某些表示特性、状态、情感、情绪等的抽象名词前表示具体化。可以具体化的抽象名词有pressure,concern,pity,worry,surprise,success,danger,pleasure,honor,failure,joy,shock,comfort,help等。例句Smoking is a serious danger to health.吸烟严重危害健康。Working with Jane is a great joy.和简一起工作是一件很快乐的事。,3.用在某些专有名词
5、前:用在姓名、星期、月份等专有名词前相当于a certain或some,表示“某一个,类似的一个”。例句A Mr.White wants to see you this afternoon.一位怀特先生今天下午想见你。4.用在某些不可数名词前:knowledge,understanding,education等名词后加of短语时,前面加a/an。例句He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。,5.用在形容词最高级前:表示“很,非常”,而不是“最”。例句Thats a most interesting film.那是一
6、部非常有趣的电影。Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.杭州是一座很美的城市。6.用在序数词前:表示“又一,再一”,并不表示顺序。例句Can you give me a second chance(=another chance),please?您能再给我一次机会吗?,7.用在缩略词前:表示“一(个)”,用a还是an取决于该缩略词如何发音。例句She has an MBA.她有工商管理学硕士学位。,三、不定冠词用在某些固定短语中all of a sudden突然as a matter of fact事实上as a(general)rule通常;一般来说at a l
7、oss困惑;不知所措a matter of.一个的问题a sense of.一种的感觉for a while 暂时;一会儿go on a diet节食get a ride搭便车have a gift for.有的天赋,have/take a rest休息一下have a knowledge of知道have a population of.有人口have a history of.有的历史have a try/go试一试in a word总之in a moment一会儿in a hurry匆忙in a sense从某种意义上说in a way在某种程度上make a living谋生,once
8、 in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前take an interest in对有兴趣,考点二定冠词the定冠词the与this/that/these/those同源,在辅音音素前读作/,在元音音素前读作/i/,表强调时读作/i/,意为“这个,那个;这些,那些”等。一、定冠词的基本用法1.表特指:特指上文提到的人或物,也可指上文虽未提到但说话双方都知道的人或物。例句Do you know the woman standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女人吗?Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗?,2.
9、用在独一无二的事物的名词前。但当这些名词前有形容词修饰时,可用不定冠词。示例the universe/sun/moon/world宇宙/太阳/月球/世界a new/full moon一轮新月/满月a peaceful world一个和平的世界,3.用在姓氏复数前:表示全家人或夫妇俩。例句The Whites are watching TV.怀特一家人正在看电视。4.用在西方乐器前:当表示西方乐器的名词和play连用时,要加定冠词。示例play the piano/violin/guitar弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他,5.用在发明物前:发明物单数名词前用定冠词。例句Do you know who
10、invented the computer?你知道是谁发明了计算机吗?6.用在普通名词构成的专有名词前:当普通名词组合成专有名词后,前面加定冠词。示例the Summer Palace颐和园the Great Wall长城the Middle East中东the Yellow River黄河,二、定冠词的考点性用法1.用在单数可数名词前:表示一类人或事物。例句The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。,2.用在序数词前及形容词或副词的比较级和最高级前。当两者进行比较时,在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用,表示“两者中较的一方”。例句He was the firs
11、t to speak against slavery.他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。He is the better of the two.他是两个人中较好的那个。Of all the boys,Alan is the best student who speaks Spanish.在所有男孩中,艾伦是说西班牙语最好的学生。,3.用在某些形容词或形容词化的分词前:表示一类人或事物。示例the dying垂死者the wounded伤员the deaf耳聋的人the unknown 未知的事物The young should respect the old.年轻人应该尊敬老年人。,4.用在身
12、体部位前:1)主语+谓语动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位名词示例strike sb.in the face打某人的脸hit sb.on the head击中某人的头He patted me on the shoulder.他拍了拍我的肩膀。2)主语+be+形容词+in+the+身体部位名词示例be red in the face脸红be lame in the right leg右腿跛be blind in the left eye左眼失明,5.用在计量单位前:用于“by+the+计量单位名词”结构中。示例by the pound/the kilo/the dozen/the foot/th
13、e yard/the hour/the day/the week/the year按磅/千克/打/英尺/码/小时/天/周/年6.用于“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”结构:此结构表示“越,就越”。例句The more love we give,the more love well receive.我们付出的爱越多,得到的爱就越多。,7.用在年代、朝代名词前。示例the Tang dynasty唐朝in the 1990s/1990s在20世纪90年代三、定冠词用在某些固定短语中all the way一路上at the top of在顶部by the way顺便提一下for the time
14、 being 暂时for the most part 通常;多半,in the countryside在乡下in the distance 在远处in the meantime/meanwhile同时in the long run从长远来看in the way挡道;妨碍in the playground在操场上in the same way以同样的方式in the course of在期间make the best of 尽力而为not in the least一点也不,on the whole 总的说来on the left/right在左/右边on the way在路上;即将到来on th
15、e one hand.,on the other(hand).一方面,另一方面take the place of 取代the other day 前几天to tell the truth说实话;老实说,考点三零冠词零冠词是名词前一种无形的冠词,即不用冠词的情况。一、零冠词的基本用法1.不可数名词和可数名词复数表示泛指时不加冠词;不含普通名词的纯专有名词前不加冠词。例句Music is a universal language.音乐是一种世界性语言。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.电话在人们生活中依然起
16、着重要作用。Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。,2.在表示星期、月份、季节和节日的名词前一般不加冠词。注意:当谈论具体的季节、日期和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。示例in springon Mondayin Januaryon Childrens Daythe Mid-Autumn Festival 3.在表示学科、语言、球类运动、棋类和三餐的名词前不加冠词。注意:当三餐前有形容词修饰或具体到某一餐时可加冠词。示例speak Chinese说汉语play basketball打篮球I like physics.我喜欢物理。,二、零冠词的考点性用法1.
17、当名词前有this,that,my,some,any,no,each,every 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格限定或修饰时,不加冠词。例句The Yellow River is Chinas second longest river.黄河是中国第二长河。2.表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时,其前不加冠词。例句He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。Tom,mayor of our city,visited our school.汤姆,我们的市长,视察了我们学校。,3.man表示“人类”,指一个群体时,为不可数名词;word表示“消
18、息,信息”时常用作不可数名词。这两种情况下可以省略冠词。例句Man can save the earth.人类能拯救地球。Word came that I was needed at home.有消息来,说家里需要我。,4.as引导让步状语从句时需要倒装(though可倒装也可不倒装),作表语的名词提到句首时,省略冠词。例句Boy as/though he is,he has travelled to quite a few countries.=Though he is a boy,he has travelled to quite a few countries.尽管他还是个孩子,但是他已
19、经游览了相当多的国家。,5.一人兼有多个身份时,只在第一个名词前加冠词,后面名词不再加冠词。示例a worker and writer一个工人兼作家6.“no+such+单数可数名词”结构中,no放在such前,such后的名词前不加冠词。例句There is no such thing as a free lunch.世上没有免费的午餐。,7.turn作系动词时,后面表示职业的名词前不加冠词;但是若有形容词修饰,则要加冠词。例句He turned teacher ten years ago,and now he has turned a popular teacher.十年前他成了一名老师,
20、现在已经变得很受欢迎了。8.在“单数名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,单数名词前不加冠词。例句He rushed into the classroom,book in hand.他冲进教室,手里拿着一本书。,9.by表示方式,后接交通、通信等名词时,后面所接的名词前不用冠词。示例by bike/bus/car/trainby plane/airby ship/seaby letter/e-mail10.介词in后接表示使用的材料或颜色的名词时,名词前不带冠词。例句We often write in ink.我们经常用墨水写字。Do you have the same pattern in wh
21、ite?你(们)有白色的相同款式吗?,三、零冠词用在某些固定短语中all kinds of各种各样的at risk 处于危险中at war处于交战状态at first起初by heart 记住by mistake 弄错bear/keep sth.in mind牢记live(from)hand to mouth勉强糊口give way to 让路;屈服,让步in case of如果,in honor/memory of 为了纪念in return 作为回报lose heart灰心,泄气out of work失业be/get out of practice生疏out of place不得体on a
22、rrival 一到达off school不上学,单句填空冠词专练1.Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone Na-tional Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022新高考)2.friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.(2022全国甲)3.May 21st this year marks the first Intern
23、ational Tea Day.To celebrate festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Business-man Museum in Beijing on Thursday.(2022全国乙),4.While youre in China,Mount Huangshan is must to visit!(2021新高考)5.It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xian City Wall.(2021全国甲)6.Due to growing popula
24、rity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types of trips are now being classified as eco-tourism.(2021全国乙)7.Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.(2021浙江6月)8.The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melt-i
25、ng(融化).(2020全国),9.Then,with rise of science,changes began.(2020浙江7月)10.Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.(2019全国)11.When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke.(2019全国)12.Everybody
26、 wears same style of clothes.(2019浙江6月)答案1.the2.A3.the4.a5.the6.the7.The8.the9.the10.the11.a12.the,1.Thanks to the uniqueness,the island receives some 10 million tourists ev-ery year.Subsequently(随后),its preservation becomes big challenge to the local government.(2022河南洛阳一模)2.Last spring,I followed
27、a path that took me through dark forest.(2022广东梅州一模)3.A black miniature horse with white nose ran into a room in Nashvilles Monroe Carell Jr.Childrens Hospital.(2022云南昆明一模)4.All of sudden,the bamboo in the pandas hands is turned in-to a bobsleigh(雪橇)carrying the girl while the panda speeds ahead.(20
28、22广西桂林二模),5.According to the authorities,the next step will see Weifang make cultural creativity essential driving force for urban sustainable devel-opment.(2022湖北黄冈中学三模)6.While I love the big crowded dinners with 20+dishes on the table,I was big fan of the homemade dumplings my friend made for me.(
29、2022江西一模)7.Scientists warn that climate change will also worsen bushfires and drought,and reduce quality of koalas eucalyptus(桉树)leaf diet.(2022吉林市四调)8.But later on,she developed interest when she managed to pull off some basic dance moves while drifting on the water.(2022广东广州三模),9.Repetitions power
30、 to musicalize seems to extend to broader variety of sounds than just speech.(2022山东临沂一模)10.Farm-equipment giant Deere showed a new autonomous tractor with attached tillage(耕作)tool at CES.(2022河北衡水二模)11.Experts from World Tourism Organization also marveled that Puer is a poetic and romantic city and
31、 even its air is filled with romance.(2022湖南雅礼十六校联考二)12.“It has become exciting game for them,”Nicolas says.(2022广东深圳一调)13.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a harvest festival.Today,people still mark occasion with similar activities.(2022河北衡水中学五调),14.artist even recreated Moby Dick in emoji characters.(202
32、2湖南长沙一中月考)15.total of 234 scientists from 66 countries worked on the re-port.(2022浙江金华十校模拟)16.Every summer in ancient Hangzhou,capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty,each family cooked a new tea called Qijia tea,pri-marily together with fine fruits of various colors.(2021河南名校联盟质检)答案1.a2.a3.a4.a5.
33、an6.a7.the8.an9.a10.an11.the12.an13.the14.An15.A16.the,语篇填空冠词专练Passage 1(2020全国改编)China has become 1.first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of 2.moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by 3.ancient Chinese moon god-desstouched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken ba
34、sin.Landing on the moons far side is extremely challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put 4.satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to 5.spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular int
35、erest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形,山),more so than 6.familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use 7.instruments onboard Change-4 to find and study areas of 8.South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really ex-cites scientists,”Carle Pieters,9.university scientist,says,“because it
36、 means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether its plans for 10.future lunar(月球的)base are practical.,答案语篇解读 文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。1.
37、the2.the3.an4.a5.the6.the7.the8.the9.a10.a,Passage 2(2022湖南长沙雅礼中学月考改编)Lonely and single middle-aged men are at an increased risk of develop-ing cancer than those in a relationship with people around them,according to 1.new study.A team from the University of Eastern Finland worked with 2,570 middle-
38、aged men,monitoring their health and mortality(死亡率)from 2.1980s to the present day.Over 3.course of the study,25%of participants had developed cancer,with 11%of 4.men involved dying from the condition.There was 5.“clear link”between loneliness and an in-creased risk of cancer,the team explained,with
39、 being lonely increasing 6.,risk of cancer by about ten percent.Globally,cancer is 7.second leading cause of death.Loneliness has been suggested as 8.risk factor for cancer mortality.However,connections between loneliness,social isolation and cancer are understood poorly.Recent studies have suggeste
40、d that loneliness could be as significant a health risk as smoking or being overweight,according to the researchers.Their findings support 9.idea that attention should be paid to this issue.In addition,cancer mortality was much higher in cancer patients who were unmarried,widowed or divorced.Awarene
41、ss of the health effects of loneliness is constantly increasing.There-,fore,it is important to examine,in more detail,10.mecha-nisms(机制)by which loneliness causes harmful health effects.答案语篇解读 文章主要介绍了孤独与患癌风险之间的联系。1.a2.the3.the4.the5.a6.the7.the8.a9.the10.the,Passage 3(2022江苏苏州相城区陆慕高级中学期中调研改编)While m
42、ost westerners know 1.story of Hua Mulan through 2.animated film,she has been 3.pop-ular character of Chinese legend(传说)for over a thousand years.One of the most famous stories about her is 4.Beijing opera Mulan Joins the Army.Traditionally,no women were allowed to perform in operas,so men played al
43、l the roles.Though women were no longer prohibited by5.time Mulan Joins the Army was first performed,it was still common for men to perform female roles,so the part of Hua Mulan was most famously played by 6.male actor,Mei Lanfang(1894-1961).,In short,the story is about 7.girl,Hua Mulan,whose father
44、 is called up to war.As Hua Mulan worries that her father is too elderly to fight,she decides to dress as a man and go in his place.After many years of war,she is offered 8.reward for her service,but turns it down so she can go home.It is only much later that the friends she made during the war disc
45、over she is not 9.man.Hua Mulan is 10.important symbol to many Chinese people because she strongly shows values that they appreciate.A loyal daughter,she fights for her family and for her country,showing bravery and complete selflessness in her actions.,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了中国传说中的著名人物花木兰。1.the2.an3.a4.the5.t
46、he6.the7.a8.a9.a10.an,Passage 4(2022江苏盐城调研改编)At the International Grand Bazaar in Urumqi,1.capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Wang Ge,2.paper cutting artist,runs a market stand where impressive examples of her work are on display in the popular tourist destination.Growing up in the region a
47、nd influenced by diverse ethnic(民族的)cultures,she is committed to telling Xinjiang stories through her paper cutting while protecting and promoting 3.traditional folk art.“Paper cut-ting is bination of folk art and daily life,”said Wang,who graduated from Xinjiang Normal University.During her decades
48、 of paper cutting she has been inspired by real-life expe-,riences,especially those relating to ethnic cultures in 5.re-gion.She often travels to 6.countryside in southern Xinjiang to explore how local people live.One of her works features 20 people dressed in traditional costumes with musical instr
49、uments in hand,singing and dancing in 7.grape garden.Wang saw 8.lively scene when she was traveling in Aksu.After 9.outbreak of COVID-19,Wang gave online lectures on paper cutting,attracting about 100,000 viewers and teaching students un-able to attend school how to cut an image of medical workers from paper.Wang said she was pleased to see pupils who lacked colored paper and only had white paper painting 10.white paper red and green.,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了剪纸艺术家王革从小受到民族文化的影响,致力于用剪纸讲述新疆故事。1.the2.a3.the4.a5.the6.the7.a8.the9.the10.the,
