1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take
2、a break. Suddenly, I _1_ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I _2_ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I tho
3、ught was _3_ that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was _4_ to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. Hed need time to _5_ , and wouldnt come for class the next day, I tho
4、ught.The next morning, one of the first to _6_ was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his _7_ could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how _8_ I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”T
5、hat cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to _9_. To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didnt attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in _10_ .1. A. causedB. spottedC. checkedD. imagined2. A. hesitantlyB. rando
6、mlyC. dizzilyD. carefully3. A. angryB. absentC. specialD. noisy4. A. courageousB. contentC. unableD. unwilling5. A. recoverB. playC. changeD. wait6. A. settleB. gatherC. arriveD. react7. A. sneezeB. weepC. complaintD. laughter8. A. luckyB. happyC. curiousD. nervous9. A. show upB. pull upC. hold upD.
7、 line up10. A. gratitudeB. forgivenessC. faithD. kindness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Helen was walking down the street late _11_ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didnt notice her wallet fallin
8、g out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention _12_ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man _13_ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内
9、所给词的正确形式填空。Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly _14_ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. Its easy to explain how we determine _15_ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Ga
10、s naturally _16_ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Since people cant always eat out or cook for _17_ (they), they get takeout or
11、order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of _18_ are only good for one use. Thats a big problem and it is getting even _19_ (bad). The use of those plastics _20_ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The worl
12、d wont survive if this situation continues.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school
13、.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content. Its an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applyi
14、ng your skills to solve problems.You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full, you can reg
15、ister for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a pla
16、ce in the programme in the near future.DeregisteringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.Youll be informed by email if you are
17、 being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passofficeumbs. edu.21. In PASS, students _.A. attend new lecturesB. decide their own schedulesC. prepare problem sets in groupsD. use their skills to solve problems22 W
18、hat can students do if a session is full?A. Fill in the attendance sheet.B. Sign up for the waiting list.C. Report their needs and feedback.D. Email the office their numbers on the list.23. Students will be deregistered if _.A. they send emails in errorB. they fail to work interactivelyC. they give
19、their places to othersD. they miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfect
20、ionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also h
21、elped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.A month
22、 later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invi
23、tation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued t
24、o grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I cant. They s
25、ay good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.24. What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A. Her inability to act her age.B. Her habit of consumption.C. Her desire to
26、be perfect.D. Her lack of inspiration.25. How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?A. She decided to do something for nature.B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C. She learned about the harm of desire.D. She built up her courage to speak up.26. The activities Alice joined in helped he
27、r to become more _.A. intelligentB. confidentC. innovativeD. critical27. What can we learn from this passage?A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.C. Action is worrys worst enemy.D. Everything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” Its a ques
28、tion that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to chan
29、ge that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is pro
30、duced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the
31、 players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernouri
32、shed (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intellige
33、nce, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nut
34、rition system.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and tea
35、ch students how to think using a systems approach.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone dont produce results, but concluded that “well neve
36、r produce results that we cant envision”.28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to _.A. illustrate an argumentB. highlight an opinionC. introduce the topicD. predict the ending29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?A. The first objective of systems thinking hasnt b
37、een achieved.B The relationships among players have been clarified.C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.B It can be applied to ta
38、ckle challenges.C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.D. It goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had excha
39、nges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantu
40、m computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant kee
41、p. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential.
42、If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum
43、 stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. T
44、aylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve
45、 otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my frien
46、d or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.A sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition i
47、n the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum C
48、omputing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. _35_ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases
