1、2016年12月大学英语四级真题（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. Yo
2、u should write at least120 words but no more than 180words.Part Listening Comprehension (25minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
3、once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It was dangerous to liv
4、e inC) He could no longer pay the rent.B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B)
5、 They were trapped in an underground elevator.C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.B) They released the details of the accident.C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D) They provided the m
6、iners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C) Redesign delivery routes.D) Close some of its post offices.6. A) Shortening business hours.B) Closing offices on holidays.C) Stopping mail delivery on Sat
7、urdays.D) Computerizing mail sorting processes.7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.B) Many people will begin to complain.C) Taxpayers will be very pleased.D) A lot of controversy will arise.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each c
8、onversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
9、 centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He will be kept from promotion.B) He will go through retraining.C) He will be given a warning.D) He will lose part of his pay.9. A) He is always on time.B) He is a trustworthy guy.C) He is an experienced press operator
10、.D) He is on good terms with his workmates.10. A) She is a trade union representative.B) She is in charge of public relations.C) She is a senior manager of the shop.D) She is better at handling such matters.11. A) He is skilled and experienced.B) He is very close to the manager.C) He is always tryin
11、g to stir up trouble.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Open. B) Friendly.C) Selfish.D) Reserved.13. A) They stay quiet.B) They read a book.C) They talk about the weather.D) They chat with fellow passengers.14. A) S
12、he was always treated as a foreigner.B) She was eager to visit an English castle.C) She was never invited to a colleagues home.D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15. A) Houses are much more quiet.B) Houses provide more privacy.C) They want to have more space.D) They want a garden of
13、 their own.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B
14、), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) They dont have much choice of jobs.B) They are likely to get much higher pay.C) They dont have to go through job intervie
15、ws.D) They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. A) Ask their professors for help.B) Look at school bulletin boards.C) Visit the school careers service.D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Helping students find the books and journals they need.B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quie
16、t atmosphere.C) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D) Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It tastes better.B) It is easier to grow.C) It may be sold at a higher price.D) It can better sur
17、vive extreme weathers.20. A) It is healthier than green tea.B) It can grow in drier soil.C) It will replace green tea one day.D) It is immune to various diseases.21. A) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B) It does not bring the promised health benefits.C) It has made tea farmers life ea
18、sier.D) It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) They need decorations to show their status.B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.C) They decorate their homes themselves.D) They care more about environment.23. A) They were p
19、roud of their creations.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They made great contributions to society.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Make wise choices.B) Identify fake crafts.C) Design handicrafts themselves.D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To boost the loc
20、al economy.B) To attract foreign investments.C) To arouse public interest in crafts.D) To preserve the traditional culture.Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list o
21、f choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of th
22、e words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the s
23、tudy, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led t
24、he study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based 29 , many different types of brain cant always be distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were 30 different, you couldnt tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31 of peop
25、le had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist（神经科学家）, said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the
26、 same, 33 of gender.“Theres a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”A) abnormalI) regardless
27、B) appliedJ) searchedC) brieflyK) similaritiesD) categorizingL) slightlyE) challengesM) suggestsF) figureN) tastesG) percentageO) traditionalH) provingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given i
28、n one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?AAny pro
29、duct that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isnt surprising that youll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.BThe most likely type of burglary（入室盗窃）by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usuall
30、y involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a
31、criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesnt even track those statistics.COne of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a b
32、urglar（入室盗贼）might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, theyll transmit a wireles
33、s alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concernsbut what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, whats to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal
34、from ever reaching the base station?DJamming concerns are nothing new, and theyre not unique to security systems. Any device thats built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, lets say you wanted t
35、o “jam” a conversation between two peopleall youd need to do is yell in the listeners ear.E Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast onthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system the
36、yre looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, thatd point them in the right direction, though at that point, were talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. Its easier to
37、find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors Choice distinction, utilizes a special system thats capable of separating incidental RF in
38、terference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks its being jammed, itll notify you via push alert（推送警报）. From there, its up to you to sound the alarm manually.G SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectiv
39、ely bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that its possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafes anti-jamming system w
40、orks. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the systems event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.HWe like the unique nature of that software. It means that
41、a thief likely wouldnt be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldnt be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other s
42、ystems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there arent any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in t
43、he 1980s.I Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, its possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?J Lets imagine that you live in
44、a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, hes going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific set
45、up. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while youre away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. Hell need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, wou
46、ld the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once hes inside and searching for things to steal. However, hell need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.KAt the end of the day, these kin
47、ds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. Theyre also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound lo
48、cks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar
