1、六 级 写 作 讲 义( If you have any questions, please feel free to contactme and I can be reached during the days I am in NOS. )前 言：教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，危乎高哉！写作之难难于上青天。一夫当关，万夫莫开。学生学习英语写作多时，大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲观起来，认定文不可以教而能。虽说文字和技法可以也应当教一些，俾学生邯郸学步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是气之所行，是皮相之下许多深层主观因素的综合
2、，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。这些主观因素，在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积累。Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖先说读书破万卷，下笔如有神。我们赞叹一篇文章，往往是因为我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所征服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言或精练或华丽，句式安排熟练自如，自然流畅；而这只能来自于 reading。但是我们已没有那么多的时间去读了，于是乎，语言的总结就变得极其必要！要归纳记叙文中漂亮、地道的语言是困难的，但是要归纳论说文这个各种英语考试的作文类型中的语言不是不可能的。论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组
3、成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型来表达。由于这些句型都是地道的英语，是经过千锤百炼，且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思，若能把以论说文为主的当代英语essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类，供读者参考，无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。模仿和学用漂亮和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规则按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的，地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型，与六级考试的一些文章结构模式；希望同学们能以此为依据，Practice makes perfect，达到熟能生巧的境界，从而在六级考试作文部分获
4、得理想的分数！写作原则内容简单化结构模式化（主题句-分论点-总结）语言要包装错误要回避万能理由 (Omnipotence)：1、方便：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift waste time/money/space; costly, lavish4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, soci
5、able, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax tired, boring, lonely7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk9：经验：experience, social experience, enter t
6、he society10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：1. 越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of2. 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that3. 许多问题：a host of/a number of problems4. 引起人们注意：claim call/attract ge
7、neral/public/world attention to sth.5. 意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger6. 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change7. 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems8. 接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the
8、world/society9. 获得成功：achieve/accomplish success10. 提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions11. 作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)12. 影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work13. 产生影响：have/exert a profound
9、 influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on14. 较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life15. 剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity16. 取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way17. 采取措施：take effective steps/measures to18. 控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing c
10、ontrol over our own environment19. 躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge20. 满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of21. 补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage22. 解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon23. 对很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspecti
11、ve on. provide/gain an insight into24. 把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to25. 品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth26. 培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in27. 经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience28. 表现出自信心等：project ones conf
12、idence/feeling/image29. 生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice30. 追求学习/职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career31. 学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill32. 被看作学习的榜样：be held up as a good example33. 交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge34. 发挥/起到重要作用：p
13、lay an (important/active/great) role/part35. 逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture36. 知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience37. 确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard38. 到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective39. 克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty40. 面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced
14、 with/in the face of danger/difficulty41. 阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth42. 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of43. 持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom44. 发表看法：voice/express ones opinion45. 持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view46. 揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter t
15、he myth of47. 求得帮助：enlist ones support/help48. 缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)49. 把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to50. 对重要：be indispensable/important/vital to51. 施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on52. 重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to53.
16、强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on54. 把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon55. 提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.56. 抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity57. 得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information58. 有可能：there is (little/much
17、) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that59. 展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of60. 开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)61. 对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense
18、to me62. 带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint63. 献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career64. 大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference65. 真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is 66. 改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life67. 建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tre
19、mendous amount of study/practice68. 进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment69. 辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school70. 参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race71. 参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion72. 影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/a
20、ttitude73. 进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals74. 实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hops/wish/desire)75. 减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension76. 提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the p
21、osition of leadership77. 提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability78. 加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of79. 随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society80. 开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/en
22、large) ones mental horizons81. 有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of82. 有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem阿83. 迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune84. 把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time
23、 doing sth., put in hours doing sth.85. 利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent86. 把知识/经验运用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use87. 取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in88. 充分发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability89. 充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for
