1、-6-Chinese and Foreign Medical Research Vol.21,No.3 January,2023论著 Lunzhu中外医学研究第 21 卷 第 3 期(总第 551 期)2023 年 1月*基金项目:福建省三明市科技计划项目(2018-S-1(1)福建医科大学附属三明第一医院福建三明365000通信作者:陈健龙超声引导下不同剂量罗哌卡因腰方肌阻滞用于腹腔镜手术患儿术后镇痛的效果和安全性*郑妹萍陈健龙【摘要】目的:探讨超声引导下不同剂量罗哌卡因腰方肌阻滞(QLB)用于腹腔镜手术患儿术后镇痛的效果和安全性。方法:选取 2020 年 3 月2021 年 6 月于福建医
2、科大学附属三明第一医院收治的需腹腔镜手术的 74 例患儿,按随机数表法分为对照组(n=37)和观察组(n=37),对照组给予 0.4 mL/kg 0.15%罗哌卡因 QLB,观察组给予 0.4 mL/kg 0.25%罗哌卡因QLB,比较两组血流动力学、拔管和麻醉后恢复室(PACU)滞留时间、镇静及疼痛情况、镇痛补救、苏醒躁动和不良反应发生情况。结果:两组阻滞前、拔管时心率(HR)、动脉压(MAP)水平及拔管、PACU 滞留时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后 4、12、24 h 镇静系统(Ramsay)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后 12 h 儿童疼痛行为
3、量表(FLACC)评分均低于术后 4 h,术后 24 h FLACC 评分均低于术后 4、12 h,且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后首次镇痛补救时间长于对照组,术后 24 h 内镇痛药使用率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:0.25%罗哌卡因 QLB 较 0.15%剂量可延长患儿术后疼痛阻滞时间,减少术后止痛药的使用,且不会影响血流动力学稳定及延长苏醒和拔管时间,未增加术后苏醒躁动和不良反应的发生风险,安全性好。【关键词】儿童腰方肌阻滞罗哌卡因不同浓度腹腔镜doi:10.14033/ki.cfmr.2023.03.002 文献标识码A 文章编号1674-6805(2023)03-0
4、006-05Effect and Safety of Ultrasound Guided Different Doses of Ropivacaine Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery/ZHENG Meiping,CHEN Jianlong./Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2023,21(3):6-10AbstractObjective:To discuss the effect and sa
5、fety of ultrasound guided different doses of Ropivacaine quadratus lumborum block(QLB)for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Method:Seventy-four cases of children who needed laparoscopic surgery in Sanming First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from M
6、arch 2020 to June 2021 were selected and divided into control group(n=37)and observation group(n=37)according to random number table method.The control group was given 0.4 mL/kg 0.15%Ropivacaine for QLB,the observation group was given 0.4 mL/kg 0.25%Ropivacaine for QLB.Hemodynamics,extubation and po
7、stanesthesia care unit(PACU)retention time,sedation and pain,analgesic relief,agitation and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Result:There were no significant differences in heart rate(HR)and arterial pressure(MAP)levels before block and at extubation,and the time of extubation and
8、retention in PACU between two groups(P0.05).There were no significant differences in Ramsay score at 4,12 and 24 h after operation between two groups(P0.05).The face,legs,activity,cry,consolability behavioral tool for children(FLACC)scores of two groups at 12 h after operation were lower than those
9、at 4 h after operation,and the FLACC scores at 24 h after operation were lower than those at 4 and 12 h after operation,and the FLACC scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P0.05).The first rescue analgesic time after operation in the observation group was longer
10、than that in the control group,and the utilization rate of analgesics during 24 h was lower than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Compared with 0.15%Ropivacaine QLB,0.25%Ropivacaine QLB can prolong postoperative pain block time,reduce the use of painkillers after surgery,it will not affec
11、t hemodynamic stability and prolong the time of awakening and extubation,it does not increase the risk of postoperative agitation and adverse reactions,good safety.Key wordsChildrenQuadratus lumborum blockRopivacaineDifferent dosesLaparoscopicFirst-authors address:Sanming First Affiliated Hospital o
12、f Fujian Medical University,Sanming 365000,China腹腔镜手术患儿术后疼痛耐受度较低,为减少术后疼痛的发生及镇痛药的使用,术中麻醉镇痛的选择显得尤为重要。腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)应用于小儿腹腔手术镇痛的效果确切,可减少术后阿片类药物使用量1-2。罗-7-Chinese and Foreign Medical Research Vol.21,No.3 January,2023中外医学研究第 21 卷 第 3 期(总第 551 期)2023 年 1月论著 Lunzhu哌卡因(Ropivacaine)为长效酰胺
13、类局麻药,通过阻断神经纤维细胞膜的钠离子流入,产生可逆性阻滞神经纤维冲动传导的作用,具有麻醉和镇痛双重效应。有研究显示,0.4 mL/kg 0.25%罗哌卡因应用于腹部手术 QLB 可增强阻滞效果,缓解术后疼痛1。另文献3报道,0.4 mL/kg 0.15%罗哌卡因腹部手术QLB 可延长阻滞时间,并有利于术后苏醒。选取于福建医科大学附属三明第一医院就诊的 74 例腹腔镜手术患儿,进一步分析上述不同剂量罗哌卡因 QLB用于小儿全麻腹腔镜术后镇痛的效果,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取 2020 年 3 月2021 年 6 月福建医科大学附属三明第一医院收治的 74 例腹腔镜手术患儿。按
14、随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各 37 例。(1)纳入标准:美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)4分级为、级;凝血功能正常;年龄 312 岁。(2)排除标准:伴有严重先天性心脏、肾脏等疾病;对本研究所用药物过敏;伴有神经系统疾病;行神经阻滞穿刺部位伴有感染;有慢性疼痛病史;术中出现严重血流动力学异常,或改变手术方法及麻醉方式。两组年龄、性别、ASA 分级等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性,见表 1。本研究获得本院医学伦理委员会批准,患者知情同意本研究。表1两组一般资料对比组别年龄 岁,(x-s)性别(例)ASA 分级(例)体重kg,(x-s)疾病类型(例)手术部位(例)男女级级
15、腹股沟斜疝胆囊结石单侧双侧对照组(n=37)4.110.6528 931616.133.322116 829观察组(n=37)4.240.67261129816.183.3519181027t/2/Z 值0.8470.2740.3520.0640.2170.294P 值0.4000.6000.5520.9490.6400.5881.2方法两组均进行术前访视,并对患儿及其家属进行疼痛相关知识宣教。常规禁饮禁食,建立静脉通道。对于出现哭闹严重影响静脉通道建立的患儿,直接接入手术室,给予 12 mg/kg 丙泊酚(生产厂家:四川国瑞药业有限责任公司,批准文号:国药准字H20163404),待患儿安静
16、后,连接心电监护,进行麻醉诱导,行气管插管,机械通气,然后在超声引导下行双侧 QLB,对照组给予 0.4 mL/kg 0.15%甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液(生产厂家:浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司,批准文号:国药准字 H20051520,规格:10 mL89.4 mg),观察组给予 0.4 mL/kg 0.25%罗哌卡因。具体操作如下:患儿取仰卧位,将高频探头置于髂嵴与肋缘之间的腋前线处,移动探头识别出腰方肌,轻柔向下压并向后外侧倾斜探头,辨别出腰大肌,采用平面技术进针,当针尖到达腰筋膜间三角处,回抽无血后注射生理盐水确认针尖位置,随后再注入相应的药物。于超声显示屏上见注药位置处筋膜间隙扩张,则阻滞成功。上述操作均由同一位具有超声引导下神经阻滞经验的麻醉科医师完成。最后调节镇静、镇痛药物参数联合吸入麻醉药物维持术中麻醉,脑电双频指数(BIS)维持在 4060,根据血压、心率给予血管活性药物,将其维持在正常范围。腹腔镜退出时停吸入麻醉及镇痛药物,于患儿出现吞咽反射、潮气量 7 mL/kg 后拔除气管导管,送至麻醉后恢复室(PACU)观察,待 Steward 评分 5 分送回病房。两组均观察至术后24