1、话题12 饮食（Food and drink）话题13 健康（Health）话题解读饮食与健康是非常重要的两个话题，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们特别的关注，因此，高考英语对这两个话题有所涉及。该话题常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式进行考查。阅读识记词汇名词：additive n. 添加剂ambulance n. 救护车anxiety n. 焦虑appetite n. 胃口，食欲bacteria n. 细菌burden n. 负担calcium n. 钙chronic n. 慢性病clinic n. 诊所dentist n. 牙医disorder n. 紊乱fa
2、t n. 脂肪gym n. 健身房hormone n. 荷尔蒙infection n. 传染病insomnia n. 失眠lifestyle n. 生活方式lung n. 肺meditation n. 冥想metabolism n. 新陈代谢nutrition n. 营养obesity n. 肥胖outbreak n.（疾病）爆发oxygen n. 氧气painkiller n. 止痛药physician n. 内科医生pill n. 药丸prescription n. 处方药protein n. 蛋白质recipe n. 食谱recovery n. 恢复；痊愈remedy n. 治疗，疗法r
3、emoval n. 切除spice n. 调料sunscreen n. 防晒霜supervision n. 监管surgeon n. 外科医生symptom n. 症状syndrome n. 综合征tablet n. 药片takeaway n. 外卖therapy n. 治疗，疗法treatment n. 治疗vaccine n. 疫苗vitamin n. 维生素wound n. 伤口yoga n. 瑜伽动词：alleviate v. 减轻benefit v. 使受益bleed v. 流血 breathe v. 呼吸diagnose v. 诊断digest v. 消化multiply v. 繁
4、殖recover v. 恢复regulate v. 调节；管理season v. 调味steam v. 蒸transplant v. 移植trigger v. 触发vomit v. 呕吐形容词：abnormal adj. 反常的beneficial adj. 有益的biological adj. 生物的clinical adj. 临床的depressed 沮丧的，抑郁的dizzy adj. 眩晕的energetic adj. 精力充沛的immune adj. 免疫的medical adj. 疾病的；医疗的oral adj. 口腔的physical adj. 身体的；躯体的processed a
5、dj. 经过特殊加工的短语：blood pressure 血压body clock 生物钟emergency room 急救室first aid 急救food poisoning 食物中毒health insurance 健康保险heart attack 心脏病immune system 免疫系统junk food 垃圾食品lose weight 减肥infectious disease/illness 传染病medical examination 体检traditional Chinese medicine 中药work out 锻炼真题链接真题一（2020年江苏）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅
6、读理解说明文早餐与体育锻炼的关系10分钟For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known
7、 about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the mens fitn
8、ess and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts,
9、 the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples o
10、f the mens blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on a
11、n empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple gen
12、es behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more activ
13、e when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.（1）（2分）The underlined expression stomach it in Paragraph 1 most probably means _.A. digest the mea
14、l easilyB. manage without breakfastC. decide wisely what to eatD. eat whatever is offered（2）（2分）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C. They could walk at an average speed.D. They had slow met
15、abolic rates.（3）（2分）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A. They successfully lost weight.B. They consumed a bit more calories.C. They burned more fat on average.D. They displayed higher insulin levels.（4）（2分）What could be learned from the research?A. A workout after breakfast im
16、proves gene performances.B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.真题二（2020年山东新全国）题型体裁话题难度建议时间阅读理解说明文饮食伙伴对饮食的影响10分钟According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, bo
17、th the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social
18、influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired b
19、y the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit,
20、 taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the partici
21、pants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the Ill have what shes having effect. However,
22、well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?（1）（2.5分）What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safe
23、ty.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.（2）（2.5分）What does the underlined word beanpoles in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.（3）（2.5分）Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participan
24、ts.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.（4）（2.5分）On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive o
25、thers.D. How we feel about the food.（1）【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食伙伴的胖瘦和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。（2）【答案】D 【解析
26、】词义猜测题。根据前半句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions可知，现有的研究认为，你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项可知，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people相反。故选D。（3）【答案】A
27、 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。（4）【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight p
28、erson is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?”如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多并且保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 可知，我们是根据我们对他人的看法来调整影响的。故选C。
